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  • ...agnosing Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) and Orofacial Pain (OP), which are often misdiagnosed due to their symptom overlap with more severe conditions ...the concept that classical statistical approaches, such as Bayes' Theorem, are insufficient for TMD diagnostics because they cannot adequately handle the
    28 KB (4,053 words) - 13:35, 12 May 2024
  • ...this reason, before moving on to the presentation of the last two patients we highlighted some underlying anomalies. During the previous chapters of Masticationpedia we wanted to highlight the diagnostic complexity in the field of Orofacial Pai
    24 KB (3,563 words) - 20:40, 3 May 2024

Page text matches

  • ...the brain state with the least uncertainty. We would like to state that we are using the mathematics of quantum mechanics, but not claiming that the brain
    1 KB (205 words) - 17:14, 23 September 2022
  • ...s who will collaborate on it. Of course, if you are a registered user, you are welcome to leave your comments, your criticisms and your proposals on the [
    371 bytes (64 words) - 20:43, 14 February 2022
  • ...clarify '''why Masticationpedia''', and for what purpose it could respond, we could start from a point of philosophy of science, remembering that not alw ...st Process"</span><ref><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We are talking about "epistemological anarchism" in the sense meant by Feyerabend,
    5 KB (718 words) - 17:59, 30 May 2023
  • To clarify '''why Masticationpedia''', and for what purpose it could respond, we could start from a point of philosophy of science, remembering that not alw ...e is essentially, to use Feyerabend's words, an "Anarchist Process"<ref>We are talking about "epistemological anarchism" in the sense meant by Feyerabend,
    5 KB (677 words) - 18:02, 30 May 2023
  • ...clarify '''why Masticationpedia''', and for what purpose it could respond, we could start from a point of philosophy of science, remembering that not alw ...st Process"</span><ref><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We are talking about "epistemological anarchism" in the sense meant by Feyerabend,
    5 KB (768 words) - 17:54, 30 May 2023
  • ...clarify '''why Masticationpedia''', and for what purpose it could respond, we could start from a point of philosophy of science, remembering that not alw ...st Process"</span><ref><span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We are talking about "epistemological anarchism" in the sense meant by Feyerabend,
    5 KB (677 words) - 18:07, 30 May 2023
  • ...clarify '''why Masticationpedia''', and for what purpose it could respond, we could start from a point of philosophy of science, remembering that not alw ...'s words, an "Anarchist Process"</translate><ref><translate><!--T:10--> We are talking about "epistemological anarchism" in the sense meant by Feyerabend,
    5 KB (742 words) - 17:43, 30 May 2023
  • ...ever, have far greater repercussions on different aspects of our life than we can imagine. Research and development, also being inextricably intertwined, ...new challenges of research. Today the most innovative sectors and studies are those found on the borders between different disciplinary fields. This situ
    4 KB (516 words) - 11:46, 23 February 2024
  • ...ever, have far greater repercussions on different aspects of our life than we can imagine. Research and development, also being inextricably intertwined, ...new challenges of research. Today the most innovative sectors and studies are those found on the borders between different disciplinary fields. This situ
    4 KB (515 words) - 13:45, 23 February 2024
  • ...e beginning of the study the computer itself was a very rare object, today we abound in communication technologies, therefore the choice to focus on the ...hom it is addressed, and even before the Patients to whom it is dedicated, are anything but virtual: they belong to a physicality made of pain and thought
    5 KB (841 words) - 13:47, 23 February 2024
  • ..., if you have something pertinent to say scientifically on the subjects we are dealing with, you already have our advanced gratitude for your contribution
    2 KB (301 words) - 14:04, 27 February 2024
  • ...t social project, that of diagnostics in 'Orofacial pains'. If you want to know more about the importance of early diagnosis in orofacial pain, view the vi This first social initiative, it is good to know in order to understand the clarity of intentions, is linked to the rigor of
    4 KB (688 words) - 13:46, 23 February 2024
  • ...andibular joint. The interaction among these components gives rise to what we can define as "Emergent Behavior", specifically masticatory behavior. ...oceeding with an analytical segmentation for a detailed description. There are significant intellectual and scientific movements addressing this challenge
    5 KB (667 words) - 19:25, 24 March 2024
  • ...ientific practice. Through probabilistic and statistical concepts, efforts are made to manage and understand the uncertainties associated with medical the ...t the concept of probability assumes different meanings in these contexts. We will endeavor to elucidate these concepts by connecting each critical step
    10 KB (1,377 words) - 18:42, 3 May 2024
  • ...ientific practice. Through probabilistic and statistical concepts, efforts are made to manage and understand the uncertainties associated with medical the ...nal Probabilities in Diagnosis''' - Examines how conditional probabilities are used to refine diagnoses and understand the probabilistic nature of medical
    10 KB (1,479 words) - 10:57, 12 May 2024
  • In this chapter, we will discuss '''fuzzy logic'''. It is called ''fuzzy'' because it is charac ...of graded truth will be conceptually discussed, while in the second part, we will delve into the mathematical formalism by introducing the membership fu
    22 KB (3,449 words) - 20:05, 10 March 2022
  • This first social initiative, it is good to know in order to understand the clarity of intentions, is linked to the rigor of ...initiative is essentially a deeply ethical and personal choice. Obviously, everything will be related to the number of patients requesting the service and the fi
    4 KB (512 words) - 16:05, 6 May 2024
  • This first social initiative, it is good to know in order to understand the clarity of intentions, is linked to the rigor of ...initiative is essentially a deeply ethical and personal choice. Obviously, everything will be related to the number of patients requesting the service and the fi
    4 KB (558 words) - 16:05, 6 May 2024
  • ...ic phenomena (mandibular movements, TMJ, etc.) while in reality quantum we are dealing with mesoscopic phenomena such as synaptic transmissions. ...investigate the mesoscopic stochastic dynamics of the masticatory system? We will try to deepen this topic which is only apparently criticizable but whi
    22 KB (3,518 words) - 08:58, 21 October 2022
  • ...ic phenomena (mandibular movements, TMJ, etc.) while in reality quantum we are dealing with mesoscopic phenomena such as synaptic transmissions. ...investigate the mesoscopic stochastic dynamics of the masticatory system? We will try to deepen this topic which is only apparently criticizable but whi
    22 KB (3,527 words) - 09:38, 3 November 2022
  • <translate><!--T:1--> In this chapter, we will discuss '''fuzzy logic'''. It is called ''fuzzy'' because it is charac ...of graded truth will be conceptually discussed, while in the second part, we will delve into the mathematical formalism by introducing the membership fu
    28 KB (4,211 words) - 16:09, 18 September 2022
  • ...ic phenomena (mandibular movements, TMJ, etc.) while in reality quantum we are dealing with mesoscopic phenomena such as synaptic transmissions. ...investigate the mesoscopic stochastic dynamics of the masticatory system? We will try to deepen this topic which is only apparently criticizable but whi
    23 KB (3,584 words) - 19:35, 3 May 2024
  • ...itating effect on mandibular stretch reflexes and neural hyperexcitability are neurophysiopathogenetic phenomena that can be correlated to pain in the cra ...Mary Poppins so that it becomes an assimilable and practicable model, and we will try to superimpose it on the present clinical case called 'Bruxer'. Th
    19 KB (2,841 words) - 20:06, 3 May 2024
  • ...i: 10.3390/ijms232012164. PMCID: PMC9602546. PMID: 36293017</ref> on which we will make the first conceptual reflections reported by our thoughtful Linus ...Ashina S., Bigal M.E. Temporomandibular disorders and cutaneous allodynia are associated in individuals with migraine. Cephalalgia. 2010;30:425–432. do
    18 KB (2,668 words) - 14:16, 9 March 2024
  • ...i: 10.3390/ijms232012164. PMCID: PMC9602546. PMID: 36293017</ref> on which we will make the first conceptual reflections reported by our thoughtful Linus ...Ashina S., Bigal M.E. Temporomandibular disorders and cutaneous allodynia are associated in individuals with migraine. Cephalalgia. 2010;30:425–432. do
    18 KB (2,668 words) - 16:32, 9 March 2024
  • ...itating effect on mandibular stretch reflexes and neural hyperexcitability are neurophysiopathogenetic phenomena that can be correlated to pain in the cra ...Mary Poppins so that it becomes an assimilable and practicable model, and we will try to superimpose it on the present clinical case called 'Bruxer'. Th
    19 KB (2,819 words) - 13:32, 13 April 2023
  • ...itating effect on mandibular stretch reflexes and neural hyperexcitability are neurophysiopathogenetic phenomena that can be correlated to pain in the cra ...Mary Poppins so that it becomes an assimilable and practicable model, and we will try to superimpose it on the present clinical case called 'Bruxer'. Th
    19 KB (2,819 words) - 13:35, 13 April 2023
  • ...but essentially the machine code may not be related to the verbal meaning. We will try to describe in detail this concept for 'Bruxism' ...ified meaning of bruxism and managed the case with an occlusal bite plane. We will, of course, follow the same roadmap followed for our patient Mary Popp
    19 KB (2,635 words) - 14:05, 9 March 2024
  • ...cal conclusion that it is and will always remain a probabilistic event. As we will see, this innovative quantum-like approach would speed up the diagnost ...will present topics relating to the diagnostic model in question on which we will make the first conceptual reflections highlighted by our dear and thou
    23 KB (3,403 words) - 20:23, 3 May 2024
  • ...but essentially the machine code may not be related to the verbal meaning. We will try to describe in detail this concept for 'Bruxism' ...ified meaning of bruxism and managed the case with an occlusal bite plane. We will, of course, follow the same roadmap followed for our patient Mary Popp
    20 KB (2,679 words) - 20:02, 3 May 2024
  • ...cal conclusion that it is and will always remain a probabilistic event. As we will see, this innovative quantum-like approach would speed up the diagnost ...will present topics relating to the diagnostic model in question on which we will make the first conceptual reflections highlighted by our dear and thou
    23 KB (3,381 words) - 12:55, 9 March 2024
  • ...cal conclusion that it is and will always remain a probabilistic event. As we will see, this innovative quantum-like approach would speed up the diagnost ...will present topics relating to the diagnostic model in question on which we will make the first conceptual reflections highlighted by our dear and thou
    23 KB (3,381 words) - 14:10, 9 March 2024
  • ...cal conclusion that it is and will always remain a probabilistic event. As we will see, this innovative quantum-like approach would speed up the diagnost ...will present topics relating to the diagnostic model in question on which we will make the first conceptual reflections highlighted by our dear and thou
    23 KB (3,381 words) - 14:39, 9 March 2024
  • ...elationships between TMD and other conditions like headaches and neck pain are explored, highlighting the possible causes and mechanism of symptom transmi ...i: 10.3390/ijms232012164. PMCID: PMC9602546. PMID: 36293017</ref> on which we will make the first conceptual reflections reported by our thoughtful Linus
    20 KB (2,886 words) - 20:31, 3 May 2024
  • ...the swans we have seen so far are white, can we decide that all the swans are white?<br>Really?''</small> ...tion in a completely different way: which animal is the one here aside?<br>Sure?''</small>
    10 KB (1,418 words) - 19:17, 24 March 2024
  • ...s="mw-content-ltr">Providing illustrations of instances of clinical cases, we will see how the logic of probabilistic language is able to provide us a di ...one, it is not possible to determine exact diagnoses, so other enrichments are being sought for our language</span>.
    40 KB (5,909 words) - 20:04, 18 February 2022
  • ...edicated to the "[[Logic of medical language|Logic of Medical Language]]", we shifted focus from traditional clinical signs to an encrypted machine langu In this chapter, we revisit the clinical case of Mary Poppins, who has been suffering from Orof
    15 KB (2,155 words) - 07:58, 21 April 2024
  • ...ular, two fundamental dimensions - social, scientific, and clinical - that are characteristic of both the current era and the one immediately preceding it ...tance for Masticationpedia. To stay in line with the project's objectives, we will focus on the description of the three most significant phases, as outl
    10 KB (1,351 words) - 19:04, 26 March 2024
  • '''[[Are we sure to know everything?]]'''
    4 KB (440 words) - 19:55, 12 May 2024
  • ...tory system, like the quantum example, may exist in superposed states that are not observable without interaction. This concept is used to question the tr ...al study of a topic on which most of the dental rehabilitation disciplines are based, that of 'Malocclusion' which in the light of what has been said in t
    26 KB (3,936 words) - 11:25, 12 May 2024
  • ...lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In the medical approach, there are two types of uncertainty that weigh the most on diagnoses: subjective uncer <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We will try to expose these concepts by linking each crucial step to the clini
    39 KB (5,865 words) - 20:00, 18 February 2022
  • ...d with an occlusal bite plane.In presenting this clinical case, of course, we will follow the same roadmap followed with our patient Mary Poppins sufferi ...heories are sometimes excessively supported and it is for this reason that we questioned Pubmed on specific keywords:<blockquote>
    14 KB (2,140 words) - 17:57, 3 June 2023
  • ...Stretch Reflexes''' - Deals with reflex actions of the jaw muscles, which are affected by bruxism and can lead to changes in jaw muscle activity and tens ...then will we consider the phenomenon 'bruxism' true and own. Subsequently we will move on to the presentation of the clinical case.
    22 KB (3,201 words) - 12:12, 12 May 2024
  • ...rders and the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) are mentioned, providing a framework for understanding the diagnostic criteria ...i: 10.3390/ijms232012164. PMCID: PMC9602546. PMID: 36293017</ref> on which we will make the first conceptual reflections reported by our thoughtful Linus
    23 KB (3,342 words) - 13:18, 12 May 2024
  • ...agnosis. This is particularly relevant in cases where neuromotor responses are influenced by complex and often indeterminate biophysical effects. ...sponses''' - Describes the body's motor responses to neural stimuli, which are crucial for understanding how occlusal and postural disorders affect overal
    27 KB (4,005 words) - 13:09, 12 May 2024
  • ...this reason, before moving on to the presentation of the last two patients we highlighted some underlying anomalies. During the previous chapters of Masticationpedia we wanted to highlight the diagnostic complexity in the field of Orofacial Pai
    24 KB (3,563 words) - 20:40, 3 May 2024
  • | en = Are we sure to know everything? ...this reason, before moving on to the presentation of the last two patients we highlighted some underlying anomalies.
    24 KB (3,574 words) - 14:23, 9 March 2024
  • | en = Are we sure to know everything? ...this reason, before moving on to the presentation of the last two patients we highlighted some underlying anomalies.
    24 KB (3,574 words) - 16:40, 9 March 2024
  • ...anslate><!--T:4--> Providing illustrations of instances of clinical cases, we will see how the logic of probabilistic language is able to provide us a di ...one, it is not possible to determine exact diagnoses, so other enrichments are being sought for our language</translate>.
    36 KB (5,202 words) - 02:55, 17 October 2022
  • ...responses from which a clinical mesoscopic model will be created, of which we can already anticipate the name: '''Index <math>\Psi</math>'''. ...n structural and functional organic pathologies. Too often, unfortunately, we assist in categorizing a pathology according to the symptomatology but the
    27 KB (3,790 words) - 16:52, 4 September 2023
  • ...responses from which a clinical mesoscopic model will be created, of which we can already anticipate the name: '''Index <math>\Psi</math>'''. ...n structural and functional organic pathologies. Too often, unfortunately, we assist in categorizing a pathology according to the symptomatology but the
    27 KB (3,819 words) - 19:40, 3 May 2024
  • In the previous chapters we have considered the diagnostic complexity in medicine taking into account e In this chapter, therefore, we will deal with the diagnosis of our Mary Poppins following the scientific-c
    26 KB (3,962 words) - 19:54, 3 May 2024
  • ...al or occlusal issue do not account for its neurological dimensions, which are critical for effective management. ...s non-functional activities of the mouth and jaws, including bruxism, that are not related to normal functions like eating or speaking.
    24 KB (3,258 words) - 12:07, 12 May 2024
  • ...h sometimes dangerous decades-long delays for the life of the human being. We will therefore take up some contents already proposed in the 'Introduction' ...ems to be of a neuromotry type and in particular a 'Hemimasticatory Spasm' we should focus on some points to determine the process of decryption of the s
    21 KB (2,994 words) - 19:43, 3 May 2024
  • ...y for the development of more effective and individualized treatments that are informed by a deeper understanding of the masticatory system's complexity.< ...in which all the discourses crystallize in clinical practice and therefore we will try to explain the reason for so much dialectical length.
    30 KB (4,111 words) - 11:31, 12 May 2024
  • ...h sometimes dangerous decades-long delays for the life of the human being. We will therefore take up some contents already proposed in the 'Introduction' ...ems to be of a neuromotry type and in particular a 'Hemimasticatory Spasm' we should focus on some points to determine the process of decryption of the s
    21 KB (2,998 words) - 12:25, 9 March 2024
  • ...h sometimes dangerous decades-long delays for the life of the human being. We will therefore take up some contents already proposed in the 'Introduction' ...ems to be of a neuromotry type and in particular a 'Hemimasticatory Spasm' we should focus on some points to determine the process of decryption of the s
    21 KB (2,998 words) - 12:26, 9 March 2024
  • In particular, the following topics are covered in the chapter: ...e complex problems<ref>Interdisciplinary research challenges and paradigms are discussed by Boon M in "Epistemology for interdisciplinary research - shift
    14 KB (2,012 words) - 07:46, 21 April 2024
  • ...tis too concentrated on pre-established axioms and dogmas. In this chapter we will present a clinical case of a patient who came to our attention from th ...already mentioned the ambiguity and vagueness of verbal language logic but we should also be self-critical about established dogmas such as RDC/TMD proto
    30 KB (4,433 words) - 20:47, 3 May 2024
  • ...agnosing Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) and Orofacial Pain (OP), which are often misdiagnosed due to their symptom overlap with more severe conditions ...the concept that classical statistical approaches, such as Bayes' Theorem, are insufficient for TMD diagnostics because they cannot adequately handle the
    28 KB (4,053 words) - 13:35, 12 May 2024
  • ...serious errors in the differential diagnosis such as in clinical case that we will present below. ...introduction to the section of chapters concerning 'Occlusion and Posture' we can partially report a concise introduction by Monika Nowak et al.<ref>Moni
    23 KB (3,318 words) - 20:19, 3 May 2024
  • ...serious errors in the differential diagnosis such as in clinical case that we will present below. ...introduction to the section of chapters concerning 'Occlusion and Posture' we can partially report a concise introduction by Monika Nowak et al.<ref>Moni
    23 KB (3,293 words) - 14:08, 9 March 2024
  • ...serious errors in the differential diagnosis such as in clinical case that we will present below. ...introduction to the section of chapters concerning 'Occlusion and Posture' we can partially report a concise introduction by Monika Nowak et al.<ref>Moni
    23 KB (3,293 words) - 14:35, 9 March 2024
  • ...tis too concentrated on pre-established axioms and dogmas. In this chapter we will present a clinical case of a patient who came to our attention from th ...already mentioned the ambiguity and vagueness of verbal language logic but we should also be self-critical about established dogmas such as RDC/TMD proto
    30 KB (4,463 words) - 14:24, 9 March 2024
  • ...tis too concentrated on pre-established axioms and dogmas. In this chapter we will present a clinical case of a patient who came to our attention from th ...already mentioned the ambiguity and vagueness of verbal language logic but we should also be self-critical about established dogmas such as RDC/TMD proto
    30 KB (4,463 words) - 16:45, 9 March 2024
  • ...t, the arguments of Donald E. Stanley, Daniel G. Campos, and Pat Croskerry are particularly pertinent, especially when connected to the concept of time '' ...ovide an additional opportunity to validate Medical-Diagnostic Science. We are fully aware that our "Linux Sapiens" remains puzzled by what has been antic
    24 KB (3,294 words) - 18:34, 3 May 2024
  • ...have witnessed an absence of reflexes both in latency and in amplitude but we would certainly have noticed a significant asymmetry and a latency delay of ...therefore begin with the 'Cognitive Neural Network' which responds, as we know by now, with a sequence of scientific-clinical data, always taking into con
    29 KB (4,355 words) - 20:28, 3 May 2024
  • ...rception of the topics that will be debated in '''[[Masticationpedia]]'''; we will review some of the most current issues concerning the epistemological In this phase we will consider the two fundamental aspects of '''Progress of Science''', acc
    38 KB (5,410 words) - 13:38, 1 November 2022
  • ...etic Follow up 5 years: the occlusal aesthetic result is optimal and there are no relapses. This clinical result is not only due to a classic and careful  In Figure 8 we can see, in fact, the perfect symmetry of the jaw jerk and the Mechanical S
    4 KB (647 words) - 18:51, 1 October 2022
  • ...dering the themes, presented in the previous chapters of Masticationpedia, we have at least three supporting elements available: a vision of 'Quantum Pro ...rted in the next Masticationpedia chapters. </blockquote>This model, which we propose with the term 'Cognitive Neural Network' abbreviated as 'CNN' is a
    33 KB (4,948 words) - 19:58, 3 May 2024
  • In this chapter, we will discuss the current medical language. Specifically, we will discuss the study of the relationships between linguistic expressions ...use it can be much more effective if we can manipulate it the right way as we will discuss in this chapter.{{ArtBy|
    41 KB (6,097 words) - 12:16, 4 December 2022
  • ...have witnessed an absence of reflexes both in latency and in amplitude but we would certainly have noticed a significant asymmetry and a latency delay of ...therefore begin with the 'Cognitive Neural Network' which responds, as we know by now, with a sequence of scientific-clinical data, always taking into con
    29 KB (4,375 words) - 12:59, 9 March 2024
  • ...have witnessed an absence of reflexes both in latency and in amplitude but we would certainly have noticed a significant asymmetry and a latency delay of ...therefore begin with the 'Cognitive Neural Network' which responds, as we know by now, with a sequence of scientific-clinical data, always taking into con
    29 KB (4,375 words) - 14:13, 9 March 2024
  • ...have witnessed an absence of reflexes both in latency and in amplitude but we would certainly have noticed a significant asymmetry and a latency delay of ...therefore begin with the 'Cognitive Neural Network' which responds, as we know by now, with a sequence of scientific-clinical data, always taking into con
    29 KB (4,375 words) - 16:29, 9 March 2024
  • In this chapter, we will discuss the current medical language. Specifically, we will discuss the study of the relationships between linguistic expressions ...use it can be much more effective if we can manipulate it the right way as we will discuss in this chapter.{{ArtBy|
    41 KB (6,149 words) - 16:52, 12 April 2023
  • ...edical community to reconsider and possibly overthrow existing models that are inadequate for addressing the complexities of human health. ...improved patient outcomes when innovative and interdisciplinary approaches are employed.
    31 KB (4,598 words) - 11:45, 12 May 2024
  • ...is that the two subsystems, i.e. the atom and the cat taken individually, are rather described by a statistical mixture <ref> Scully et al: [http://www.a ...ess subject to '''quantum rules'''). Quantum rules (microscopic particles) are very different from those of macroscopic physics: with this thought experim
    23 KB (3,467 words) - 18:06, 1 November 2022
  • ...egration ensures that diagnostics are not only based on real-time data but are also continually updated with the latest medical research and findings. ...rted in the next Masticationpedia chapters. </blockquote>This model, which we propose with the term 'Cognitive Neural Network' abbreviated as 'CNN' is a
    34 KB (5,070 words) - 11:57, 12 May 2024
  • ...etic Follow up 5 years: the occlusal aesthetic result is optimal and there are no relapses. This clinical result is not only due to a classic and careful  In Figure 8 we can see, in fact, the perfect symmetry of the jaw jerk and the Mechanical S
    5 KB (679 words) - 13:13, 19 February 2022
  • In the section "Are we sure to know everything?" from Masticationpedia, the narrative delves into the intricate and nuance ...already mentioned the ambiguity and vagueness of verbal language logic but we should also be self-critical about established dogmas such as RDC/TMD proto
    33 KB (4,833 words) - 13:39, 12 May 2024
  • ...role of context and the intentions behind the use of specific terms. Below are several pivotal excerpts and summaries from the text: In particular, the following topics are covered in the chapter:
    17 KB (2,367 words) - 07:48, 21 April 2024
  • ...o determine the test's effectiveness in correctly diagnosing TMD. Concerns are raised about the possibility that other serious pathologies could mimic TMD ...s) has been presented. At the same time, a range of diagnostic issues that are not yet classifiable as 'Anomalies' but rather as critical elements to eval
    38 KB (5,615 words) - 19:53, 12 May 2024
  • However, by implementing a simplification strategy, we can deduce interesting data that might help us understand the ‘Emergent B ...be stimulated by an external trigger in order to be studied. It means that we also have to be aware of the nature of the stimulus: it has to be known in
    35 KB (5,086 words) - 19:08, 9 April 2022
  • ...class="mw-content-ltr">However, by implementing a simplification strategy, we can deduce interesting data that might help us understand the ‘Emergent B ...ied</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">It means that we also have to be aware of the nature of the stimulus</span>: <span lang="en"
    46 KB (6,617 words) - 18:24, 9 April 2022
  • ...class="mw-content-ltr">However, by implementing a simplification strategy, we can deduce interesting data that might help us understand the ‘Emergent B ...ied</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">It means that we also have to be aware of the nature of the stimulus</span>: <span lang="en"
    46 KB (6,590 words) - 18:18, 9 April 2022
  • ...r disorders. J. Am.Dent Assoc 1985; 110: 69-79</ref>, Bell (1986)<ref>Bell WE.: ''Temporomandibular disorders:Classification, Diagnosis, Management.''(2 ...diagnostic methodologies analyzed and eliminated from the DRC because they are not scientifically validated
    20 KB (2,905 words) - 10:17, 28 April 2024
  • ...d through the lens of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), which are diagnostic tools used to study the integration of sensory inputs from the v ...fically the click-evoked cervical vestibular myogenic potentials (cVEMPs), are influenced by visual motions that create an illusory sensation of movement,
    27 KB (3,794 words) - 13:03, 12 May 2024
  • ...as the variables are dependent and compatible while in a quantum variables are independent and incompatible. This paradigm shift would have allowed us to ...can cost the life of a human being. If there is a gap in the model, which we will demonstrate during the implementation of Masticationpedia, then it sho
    30 KB (4,401 words) - 20:49, 3 May 2024
  • ...r disorders. J. Am.Dent Assoc 1985; 110: 69-79</ref>, Bell (1986)<ref>Bell WE.: ''Temporomandibular disorders:Classification, Diagnosis, Management.''(2 ...diagnostic methodologies analyzed and eliminated from the DRC because they are not scientifically validated
    20 KB (2,962 words) - 16:50, 9 March 2024
  • ...potential misdiagnoses that can occur when traditional dental perspectives are applied without considering deeper neurophysiological issues. The text inte ...escribes the misalignment of teeth and how they fit together when the jaws are closed. This keyword is key for dental health content, focusing on how teet
    33 KB (4,880 words) - 13:13, 12 May 2024
  • ...as the variables are dependent and compatible while in a quantum variables are independent and incompatible. This paradigm shift would have allowed us to ...can cost the life of a human being. If there is a gap in the model, which we will demonstrate during the implementation of Masticationpedia, then it sho
    30 KB (4,428 words) - 14:26, 9 March 2024
  • ...as the variables are dependent and compatible while in a quantum variables are independent and incompatible. This paradigm shift would have allowed us to ...can cost the life of a human being. If there is a gap in the model, which we will demonstrate during the implementation of Masticationpedia, then it sho
    30 KB (4,428 words) - 16:47, 9 March 2024
  • ...cannot describe the many shades that real clinical situations have.<br>As we shall soon see, this paper will show that classical logic lacks the necessa ...hich, the arguments of Donald E Stanley, Daniel G Campos and Pat Croskerry are welcome but connected to time <math>t_n</math> as an information carrier (a
    42 KB (6,115 words) - 13:26, 12 January 2023
  • In this chapter we will explain some basic steps to take in modeling diagnostic methods follow ...r personal, and in order to perceive the added value of the 'System Logic' we cannot help but mention two essential reasons that have marked this path: t
    43 KB (6,036 words) - 19:30, 3 May 2024
  • In this chapter we will explain some basic steps to take in modeling diagnostic methods follow ...r personal, and in order to perceive the added value of the 'System Logic' we cannot help but mention two essential reasons that have marked this path: t
    43 KB (6,040 words) - 08:46, 10 August 2023
  • ...lutions of the proposed model are explored as ephaptic coupling is varied. We demonstrate that ephaptic interactions can lead to local phase locking betw ...threshold excitability changes in the adjacent fiber and (b) when impulses are set up simultaneously along both fibers, a mutual interaction occurs that c
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  • In this chapter we will explain some basic steps to take in modeling diagnostic methods follow ...r personal, and in order to perceive the added value of the 'System Logic' we cannot help but mention two essential reasons that have marked this path: t
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  • In this chapter we will explain some basic steps to take in modeling diagnostic methods follow ...r personal, and in order to perceive the added value of the 'System Logic' we cannot help but mention two essential reasons that have marked this path: t
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  • ...h</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">As a result, we are forced to employ electrophysiological stimulation techniques to evoke a res ...ories, this procedure requires a unique experiment in which the electrodes are positioned on the patient and a series of tests is carried out, including</
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  • ...ems to be of a neuromotry type and in particular a 'Hemimasticatory Spasm' we should focus on some points to determine the process of decryption of the s We should, first, consider induced movement disorders which can be defined as
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  • ...s. We will see in this chapter how such a patient should be considered and we will conclude with an exposition of the steps used for prosthetic rehabilit ...heorem. In this case, from the authors' considerations<ref name=":0" /> we are at 4.6 per cent.</blockquote>
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  • ...t social project, that of diagnostics in 'Orofacial pains'. If you want to know more about the importance of early diagnosis in orofacial pain, view the vi This first social initiative, it is good to know in order to understand the clarity of intentions, is linked to the rigor of
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  • ...r disorders. J. Am.Dent Assoc 1985; 110: 69-79</ref>, Bell (1986)<ref>Bell WE.: ''Temporomandibular disorders:Classification, Diagnosis, Management.''(2 ...diagnostic methodologies analyzed and eliminated from the DRC because they are not scientifically validated
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  • ...s. We will see in this chapter how such a patient should be considered and we will conclude with an exposition of the steps used for prosthetic rehabilit ...heorem. In this case, from the authors' considerations<ref name=":0" /> we are at 4.6 per cent.</blockquote>
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  • ...s. We will see in this chapter how such a patient should be considered and we will conclude with an exposition of the steps used for prosthetic rehabilit ...heorem. In this case, from the authors' considerations<ref name=":0" /> we are at 4.6 per cent.</blockquote>
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  • ...with parotid malignancies. The most common etiologies for hemifacial spasm are vascular compression of the ipsilateral facial nerve at the cerebellopontin ...rcinoma ''ex pleomorphic'' adenoma) that presented with hemifacial spasms. We outline the differential diagnosis of hemifacial spasm as well as a propose
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  • ...with parotid malignancies. The most common etiologies for hemifacial spasm are vascular compression of the ipsilateral facial nerve at the cerebellopontin ...rcinoma ''ex pleomorphic'' adenoma) that presented with hemifacial spasms. We outline the differential diagnosis of hemifacial spasm as well as a propose
    19 KB (2,772 words) - 12:52, 13 April 2023
  • ...with parotid malignancies. The most common etiologies for hemifacial spasm are vascular compression of the ipsilateral facial nerve at the cerebellopontin ...rcinoma ''ex pleomorphic'' adenoma) that presented with hemifacial spasms. We outline the differential diagnosis of hemifacial spasm as well as a propose
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  • ...ofound changes in prevailing theories and practices. These paradigm shifts are critical junctures where existing anomalies in the normal science become in ...ective communication across various scientific disciplines. Such scaffolds are particularly crucial in the multidisciplinary field of dentistry, where und
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  • ...ent mechanoreceptors, Bruxism activates the MTN. We analyzed how MTN cells are structured, their anatomy and physiology, and the effects of their activati ...e. MTN cells, on the contrary, are depolarized by GABA, as their receptors are activated upon GABA binding. They “let out” chlorine and activate ARAS
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  • ...ent mechanoreceptors, Bruxism activates the MTN. We analyzed how MTN cells are structured, their anatomy and physiology, and the effects of their activati ...e. MTN cells, on the contrary, are depolarized by GABA, as their receptors are activated upon GABA binding. They “let out” chlorine and activate ARAS
    18 KB (2,417 words) - 13:51, 13 April 2023
  • ...ent mechanoreceptors, Bruxism activates the MTN. We analyzed how MTN cells are structured, their anatomy and physiology, and the effects of their activati ...e. MTN cells, on the contrary, are depolarized by GABA, as their receptors are activated upon GABA binding. They “let out” chlorine and activate ARAS
    18 KB (2,417 words) - 13:50, 13 April 2023
  • ...ent mechanoreceptors, Bruxism activates the MTN. We analyzed how MTN cells are structured, their anatomy and physiology, and the effects of their activati ...e. MTN cells, on the contrary, are depolarized by GABA, as their receptors are activated upon GABA binding. They “let out” chlorine and activate ARAS
    18 KB (2,417 words) - 13:49, 13 April 2023
  • ...ent mechanoreceptors, Bruxism activates the MTN. We analyzed how MTN cells are structured, their anatomy and physiology, and the effects of their activati ...e. MTN cells, on the contrary, are depolarized by GABA, as their receptors are activated upon GABA binding. They “let out” chlorine and activate ARAS
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  • <translate><!--T:3--> However, by implementing a simplification strategy, we can deduce interesting data that might help us understand the ‘Emergent B ...er in order to be studied</translate>. <translate><!--T:5--> It means that we also have to be aware of the nature of the stimulus</translate>: <translate
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  • ...l electrophysiology, represents a paradigm shift in how medical conditions are diagnosed and treated. It highlights the move towards more objective, relia ...r personal, and in order to perceive the added value of the 'System Logic' we cannot help but mention two essential reasons that have marked this path: t
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  • Let us suppose that in a sample of 10,000 subjects from 20 to 70 we will have an incidence of 30 subjects <math>p(D)=0.003</math> showing clini </div>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We preferred to use these reports for the demonstration of the probabilistic p
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  • ...cal realities, especially in complex cases where quantum variables — which are independent and incompatible — play a crucial role. This critique is illu ...can cost the life of a human being. If there is a gap in the model, which we will demonstrate during the implementation of Masticationpedia, then it sho
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  • ...Masticationpedia:Differences from other collaborative projects| from which we differ in terms of purposes and product]]). ...eting the biological subject as an integrated complex entity. Correlations are already demonstrated in experimental animal research. The segmentation of t
    6 KB (865 words) - 09:31, 10 October 2022
  • ...[Masticationpedia:Differences from other collaborative projects|from which we differ in terms of purposes and product]]). ...eting the biological subject as an integrated complex entity. Correlations are already demonstrated in experimental animal research. The segmentation of t
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  • ...with parotid malignancies. The most common etiologies for hemifacial spasm are vascular compression of the ipsilateral facial nerve at the cerebellopontin ...rcinoma ''ex pleomorphic'' adenoma) that presented with hemifacial spasms. We outline the differential diagnosis of hemifacial spasm as well as a propose
    20 KB (2,864 words) - 13:00, 13 April 2023
  • ...with parotid malignancies. The most common etiologies for hemifacial spasm are vascular compression of the ipsilateral facial nerve at the cerebellopontin ...rcinoma ''ex pleomorphic'' adenoma) that presented with hemifacial spasms. We outline the differential diagnosis of hemifacial spasm as well as a propose
    20 KB (2,864 words) - 12:59, 13 April 2023
  • ...ative projects|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">from which we differ in terms of purposes and product</span>]]). ...tity</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Correlations are already demonstrated in experimental animal research. The segmentation of t
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  • Several clinical cases are referenced to illustrate the point that symptoms commonly associated with T ...es''' - Describes the neural reactions of the trigeminal nerve system that are crucial for diagnosing jaw and facial conditions accurately.
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  • ...e to ambiguity compared to natural languages that evolve spontaneously and are fraught with semantic inconsistencies. ...''Philosophy of Medical Language''' - A deeper look into how medical terms are conceptualized and used in practice, '''Systemic Approach to Diagnosis''' -
    48 KB (6,895 words) - 18:46, 12 May 2024
  • ...le natural languages evolve organically, formal languages like mathematics are designed with clear rules. The text underlines the ambiguity in terms such | autore = Roberts WE
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  • ...function of various organs and systems of the body, as these relationships are crucial for devising an effective treatment plan that respects and promotes ...eatment options. If you ever change your mind or need further information, know that I'm here to assist you."
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  • ...uation, with concentrating on quantum Markov processes. In this framework, we model functioning of biological functions such as psychological functions a ...with mechanical systems. New mathematical methods for modeling biosystems are on demand.(a,b)
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  • ...t, the arguments of Donald E. Stanley, Daniel G. Campos, and Pat Croskerry are particularly pertinent, especially when connected to the concept of time '' ...ovide an additional opportunity to validate Medical-Diagnostic Science. We are fully aware that our "Linux Sapiens" remains puzzled by what has been antic
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  • | titolo = Are the Peer Assessment Rating Index and the Index of Treatment Complexity, Out ...suitable_measures_for_orthognathic_outcomes/links/0046352fc8ff942845000000/Are-the-Peer-Assessment-Rating-Index-and-the-Index-of-Treatment-Complexity-Outc
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  • ...ative projects|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">from which we differ in terms of purposes and product</span>]]). ...tity</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Correlations are already demonstrated in experimental animal research. The segmentation of t
    8 KB (1,094 words) - 16:31, 3 October 2022
  • ...Poppins' in the chapter 'Encrypted code: Ephaptic transmission' and which we will propose again as a diagnostic model to accustom the reader to the proc ...: Ephaptic transmission - it|Encrypted code: Ephaptic transmission]]' and we will have the following result:
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  • ...ors and processes involved in this clinical manifestation. For this reason we present a 5th Clinical case: Spontaneous Electromyographic Activity in a re In this chapter we will address another subject, much discussed but also much followed and pro
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  • ...knowledge of the forces involved in the action and the resulting movements are required. Although these can be easily and accurately measured with many di ...eurological diseases as intracranial cancers, multiple sclerosis and so on are the underlying symptomatological cause of TMD or OP. These patients, who ac
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  • ...Poppins' in the chapter 'Encrypted code: Ephaptic transmission' and which we will propose again as a diagnostic model to accustom the reader to the proc ...: Ephaptic transmission - it|Encrypted code: Ephaptic transmission]]' and we will have the following result:
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  • ...Poppins' in the chapter 'Encrypted code: Ephaptic transmission' and which we will propose again as a diagnostic model to accustom the reader to the proc ...: Ephaptic transmission - it|Encrypted code: Ephaptic transmission]]' and we will have the following result:
    35 KB (5,211 words) - 14:29, 13 April 2023
  • ...ors and processes involved in this clinical manifestation. For this reason we present a 5th Clinical case: Spontaneous Electromyographic Activity in a re In this chapter we will address another subject, much discussed but also much followed and pro
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  • ...ors and processes involved in this clinical manifestation. For this reason we present a 5th Clinical case: Spontaneous Electromyographic Activity in a re In this chapter we will address another subject, much discussed but also much followed and pro
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  • ...various conditions including those affecting the trigeminal system, which are relevant to this case study. ...Poppins' in the chapter 'Encrypted code: Ephaptic transmission' and which we will propose again as a diagnostic model to accustom the reader to the proc
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  • ...n and analysing the system in its components). Typical of Complex Systems, are the concepts of self-organization and "Emerging Behaviour". In this chapter we will expose some contents in favour of this more stochastic and complex vis
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  • ...pan lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Typical of Complex Systems, are the concepts of self-organization and "Emerging Behaviour"</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In this chapter we will expose some contents in favour of this more stochastic and complex vis
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  • ...n and analysing the system in its components). Typical of Complex Systems, are the concepts of self-organization and "Emerging Behaviour". In this chapter we will expose some contents in favour of this more stochastic and complex vis
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  • ...n and analysing the system in its components). Typical of Complex Systems, are the concepts of self-organization and "Emerging Behaviour". In this chapter we will expose some contents in favour of this more stochastic and complex vis
    36 KB (4,856 words) - 19:33, 3 May 2024
  • ...n and analysing the system in its components). Typical of Complex Systems, are the concepts of self-organization and "Emerging Behaviour". In this chapter we will expose some contents in favour of this more stochastic and complex vis
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  • ...nd others have shown that electromyographic changes in masticatory muscles are often linked with myofascial pain and depression, influencing the resting b The chapter concludes that TMDs are a multifactorial condition where muscle activity can be influenced by centr
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  • ...) could produce occlusal overload of the individual teeth. Therefore, they are expected to alter the activity of the elevator muscles. Such studies have proved that physiological head positions, which are adopted naturally by the subjects, have a significant influence on some of
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  • We would like to thank Silvano Petrarca for his continued assistance in devisi ...hanges were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherw
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  • ...hat significant scientific transformations, driven by paradigmatic shifts, are not only necessary but inevitable in the fields of medicine and dentistry. ...models, which often focus narrowly on symptoms and mechanical corrections, are argued to be insufficient in addressing the complexities of conditions like
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  • ...s</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In this review, we explore four ontological and epistemological challenges in using connectivi ...class="mw-content-ltr">In the Chapter 'Connectivity and Complex Systems', we will finally introduce the concept of</span>:
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  • ...s</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In this review, we explore four ontological and epistemological challenges in using connectivi ...class="mw-content-ltr">In the Chapter 'Connectivity and Complex Systems', we will finally introduce the concept of</span>:
    43 KB (5,613 words) - 15:55, 6 September 2023
  • ...s</span>. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In this review, we explore four ontological and epistemological challenges in using connectivi ...class="mw-content-ltr">In the Chapter 'Connectivity and Complex Systems', we will finally introduce the concept of</span>:
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  • ...rized by their components' interaction and the emergence of behaviors that are not easily predictable through linear analysis. The chapter delves into the ...s to the concept of how biological components (cells, organs, and systems) are interconnected and interact within an organism, emphasizing a holistic appr
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  • ...d with a '''<span style="color: green">free license</span>''', this is why we can present it here now, for your convenience. Free knowledge, free access ...ted, electrical synaptic interactions also occur. Two different strategies are responsible for electrical communication between neurons.
    66 KB (9,171 words) - 18:27, 21 September 2022
  • | titolo = General and craniofacial development are complex adaptive processes influenced by diversity ...lutely change the meaning of the speech and no inconsistencies of any kind are created.</ref>:
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  • ...d with a '''<span style="color: green">free license</span>''', this is why we can present it here now, for your convenience. Free knowledge, free access ...ted, electrical synaptic interactions also occur. Two different strategies are responsible for electrical communication between neurons.
    68 KB (9,530 words) - 17:42, 3 October 2022
  • ...d with a '''<span style="color: green">free license</span>''', this is why we can present it here now, for your convenience. Free knowledge, free access ...ted, electrical synaptic interactions also occur. Two different strategies are responsible for electrical communication between neurons.
    68 KB (9,530 words) - 17:46, 3 October 2022
  • ...d with a '''<span style="color: green">free license</span>''', this is why we can present it here now, for your convenience. Free knowledge, free access ...uits. In other words, as emphasized by Llinás, electricity makes us who we are (Sohn, 2003).
    66 KB (9,163 words) - 17:29, 21 September 2022
  • ...e that the average amplitude <math>\approxeq 30%</math>of the Root-MEPs we are faced with a datum far beyond the limit, namely <math>\approxeq 79%</math> ...tency and the duration of the first and second silent period (ES1 and ES2) are symmetrical. Also, the interposed activity of reactivation of the motor uni
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  • ...d with a '''<span style="color: green">free license</span>''', this is why we can present it here now, for your convenience. Free knowledge, free access ...uits. In other words, as emphasized by Llinás, electricity makes us who we are (Sohn, 2003).
    66 KB (9,195 words) - 17:32, 21 September 2022
  • ...tent of the literature to date. On the other hand, even though the results are not directly translatable to humans, three interesting animal studies,<ref> ...patterns) occur when the direction of the closing trace is inverted: they are characterized by an abnormal, narrow kinematic pattern in the frontal plane
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  • ...ody posture and temporomandibular disorders: Where we are now and where we are heading for. J. Oral Rehabil. 2012;39:463–471. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2 ...e costoso.<ref name=":14" /><ref>Kawala B., Szumielewicz M., Kozanecka A. Are orthodontists still needed? Epidemiology of malocclusion among polish child
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  • ...ody posture and temporomandibular disorders: Where we are now and where we are heading for. J. Oral Rehabil. 2012;39:463–471. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2 ...benötigen. <ref name=":14" /><ref>Kawala B., Szumielewicz M., Kozanecka A. Are orthodontists still needed? Epidemiology of malocclusion among polish child
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  • ...ional modeling is an invaluable tool that could, ultimately, transform how we understand, diagnose, and treat demyelinating diseases. ...axons and gets its name from the lipid membrane sheets called myelin that are wound tightly around those axons.<ref>Virchow R. Uber das ausgebreitete Vor
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  • ...ional modeling is an invaluable tool that could, ultimately, transform how we understand, diagnose, and treat demyelinating diseases. ...axons and gets its name from the lipid membrane sheets called myelin that are wound tightly around those axons.<ref>Virchow R. Uber das ausgebreitete Vor
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  • ...actable pain condition, affecting 1.5-5.5% of middle-aged and older women. We investigated heat and capsaicin receptor TRPV1, and its regulatory nerve gr
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  • | titolo = Are the Peer Assessment Rating Index and the Index of Treatment Complexity, Out ...suitable_measures_for_orthognathic_outcomes/links/0046352fc8ff942845000000/Are-the-Peer-Assessment-Rating-Index-and-the-Index-of-Treatment-Complexity-Outc
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  • | titolo = Are the Peer Assessment Rating Index and the Index of Treatment Complexity, Out ...suitable_measures_for_orthognathic_outcomes/links/0046352fc8ff942845000000/Are-the-Peer-Assessment-Rating-Index-and-the-Index-of-Treatment-Complexity-Outc
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  • In questa sezione di Masticationpedia 'Are we sure to know everything?​​' presentiamo due casi clinici emblematici che dimostrano la compless In questa sezione di Masticationpedia 'Are we sure to know everything?​​' presentiamo due casi clinici emblematici che dimostrano la compless
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  • | titolo = General and craniofacial development are complex adaptive processes influenced by diversity ...lutely change the meaning of the speech and no inconsistencies of any kind are created.</ref>:
    45 KB (6,641 words) - 12:12, 4 December 2022
  • | titolo = General and craniofacial development are complex adaptive processes influenced by diversity ...lutely change the meaning of the speech and no inconsistencies of any kind are created.</ref>:
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  • | autore = Roberts WE ...an ordered couple, consisting of extension and intension, in a world that we will now call ‘context’.
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  • | titolo = General and craniofacial development are complex adaptive processes influenced by diversity ...lutely change the meaning of the speech and no inconsistencies of any kind are created.</ref>:
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  • | titolo = General and craniofacial development are complex adaptive processes influenced by diversity ...lutely change the meaning of the speech and no inconsistencies of any kind are created.</ref>:
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  • | titolo = General and craniofacial development are complex adaptive processes influenced by diversity ...lutely change the meaning of the speech and no inconsistencies of any kind are created.</ref>:
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  • | autore = Roberts WE ...he logic of classical language|the logic of Classical language]] but there are limits}}
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  • ...Advances in understanding gray matter pathology in multiple sclerosis: Are we ready to redefine disease pathogenesis? BMC Neurol. 2012;12 doi: 10.1186/14 ...ene expression changes in astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis cerebral cortex are indicative of immune-mediated signaling. Brain Behav. Immun. 2015;48:315–
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  • ...Advances in understanding gray matter pathology in multiple sclerosis: Are we ready to redefine disease pathogenesis? BMC Neurol. 2012;12 doi: 10.1186/14 ...ene expression changes in astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis cerebral cortex are indicative of immune-mediated signaling. Brain Behav. Immun. 2015;48:315–
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  • ...Advances in understanding gray matter pathology in multiple sclerosis: Are we ready to redefine disease pathogenesis? BMC Neurol. 2012;12 doi: 10.1186/14 ...ene expression changes in astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis cerebral cortex are indicative of immune-mediated signaling. Brain Behav. Immun. 2015;48:315–
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  • ...Advances in understanding gray matter pathology in multiple sclerosis: Are we ready to redefine disease pathogenesis? BMC Neurol. 2012;12 doi: 10.1186/14 ...ene expression changes in astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis cerebral cortex are indicative of immune-mediated signaling. Brain Behav. Immun. 2015;48:315–
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