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10:15, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIit04 (Created page with "=== Results === In this paper, we adapted the probability amplitudes of quantum mechanics to define new metrics for examining EEG data—the ‘average position’ and ‘average momentum’ of the EEG signal. These were constructed from our definition of ‘brain states’ based on the quasi-quantum model. This allowed us to ascertain the frequency with which unique brain regions are entered by the pseudo-wavefunction, as well as explore the average-valued phase space....")
10:14, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIen04 (Created page with "=== Results === In this paper, we adapted the probability amplitudes of quantum mechanics to define new metrics for examining EEG data—the ‘average position’ and ‘average momentum’ of the EEG signal. These were constructed from our definition of ‘brain states’ based on the quasi-quantum model. This allowed us to ascertain the frequency with which unique brain regions are entered by the pseudo-wavefunction, as well as explore the average-valued phase space....")
10:13, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIes03 (Created page with "Indeed, the same set of structured patterns of neural activity have been found during "active" states, such as, while completing different tasks<ref>Biswal BB, Eldreth DA, Motes MA, Rypma B. Task-dependent individual differences in prefrontal connectivity. Cereb. Cortex. 2010;20:2188–2197. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhp284. [PMC free article][PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]</ref><ref>Fox MD, Raichle ME. Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional m...")
10:13, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIde03 (Created page with "Indeed, the same set of structured patterns of neural activity have been found during "active" states, such as, while completing different tasks<ref>Biswal BB, Eldreth DA, Motes MA, Rypma B. Task-dependent individual differences in prefrontal connectivity. Cereb. Cortex. 2010;20:2188–2197. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhp284. [PMC free article][PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]</ref><ref>Fox MD, Raichle ME. Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional m...")
10:13, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIfr03 (Created page with "Indeed, the same set of structured patterns of neural activity have been found during "active" states, such as, while completing different tasks<ref>Biswal BB, Eldreth DA, Motes MA, Rypma B. Task-dependent individual differences in prefrontal connectivity. Cereb. Cortex. 2010;20:2188–2197. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhp284. [PMC free article][PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]</ref><ref>Fox MD, Raichle ME. Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional m...")
10:13, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIit03 (Created page with "Indeed, the same set of structured patterns of neural activity have been found during "active" states, such as, while completing different tasks<ref>Biswal BB, Eldreth DA, Motes MA, Rypma B. Task-dependent individual differences in prefrontal connectivity. Cereb. Cortex. 2010;20:2188–2197. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhp284. [PMC free article][PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]</ref><ref>Fox MD, Raichle ME. Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional m...")
10:12, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIen03 (Created page with "Indeed, the same set of structured patterns of neural activity have been found during "active" states, such as, while completing different tasks<ref>Biswal BB, Eldreth DA, Motes MA, Rypma B. Task-dependent individual differences in prefrontal connectivity. Cereb. Cortex. 2010;20:2188–2197. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhp284. [PMC free article][PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]</ref><ref>Fox MD, Raichle ME. Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional m...")
10:10, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIes02 (Created page with "=== Introduction === An important but outstanding issue in contemporary cognitive neuroscience is understanding the organizational properties of neural activity. For instance, is there a fundamental structure to the spatial–temporal patterns neural brain activity across different conditions? One common approach used to address this question is to examine the brain at “rest”. Measures such as functional connectivity, independent component analysis and graph theoreti...")
10:10, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIde02 (Created page with "=== Introduction === An important but outstanding issue in contemporary cognitive neuroscience is understanding the organizational properties of neural activity. For instance, is there a fundamental structure to the spatial–temporal patterns neural brain activity across different conditions? One common approach used to address this question is to examine the brain at “rest”. Measures such as functional connectivity, independent component analysis and graph theoreti...")
10:09, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIfr02 (Created page with "=== Introduction === An important but outstanding issue in contemporary cognitive neuroscience is understanding the organizational properties of neural activity. For instance, is there a fundamental structure to the spatial–temporal patterns neural brain activity across different conditions? One common approach used to address this question is to examine the brain at “rest”. Measures such as functional connectivity, independent component analysis and graph theoreti...")
10:09, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIit02 (Created page with "=== Introduction === An important but outstanding issue in contemporary cognitive neuroscience is understanding the organizational properties of neural activity. For instance, is there a fundamental structure to the spatial–temporal patterns neural brain activity across different conditions? One common approach used to address this question is to examine the brain at “rest”. Measures such as functional connectivity, independent component analysis and graph theoreti...")
10:09, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIen02 (Created page with "=== Introduction === An important but outstanding issue in contemporary cognitive neuroscience is understanding the organizational properties of neural activity. For instance, is there a fundamental structure to the spatial–temporal patterns neural brain activity across different conditions? One common approach used to address this question is to examine the brain at “rest”. Measures such as functional connectivity, independent component analysis and graph theoreti...")
10:08, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIes01 (Created page with "== Abstract== An outstanding issue in cognitive neuroscience concerns how the brain is organized across different conditions. For instance, during the resting-state condition, the brain can be clustered into reliable and reproducible networks (e.g., sensory, default, executive networks). Interestingly, the same networks emerge during active conditions in response to various tasks. If similar patterns of neural activity have been found across diverse conditions, and ther...")
10:08, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIde01 (Created page with "== Abstract== An outstanding issue in cognitive neuroscience concerns how the brain is organized across different conditions. For instance, during the resting-state condition, the brain can be clustered into reliable and reproducible networks (e.g., sensory, default, executive networks). Interestingly, the same networks emerge during active conditions in response to various tasks. If similar patterns of neural activity have been found across diverse conditions, and ther...")
10:08, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIfr01 (Created page with "== Abstract== An outstanding issue in cognitive neuroscience concerns how the brain is organized across different conditions. For instance, during the resting-state condition, the brain can be clustered into reliable and reproducible networks (e.g., sensory, default, executive networks). Interestingly, the same networks emerge during active conditions in response to various tasks. If similar patterns of neural activity have been found across diverse conditions, and ther...")
10:07, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIit01 (Created page with "== Abstract== An outstanding issue in cognitive neuroscience concerns how the brain is organized across different conditions. For instance, during the resting-state condition, the brain can be clustered into reliable and reproducible networks (e.g., sensory, default, executive networks). Interestingly, the same networks emerge during active conditions in response to various tasks. If similar patterns of neural activity have been found across diverse conditions, and ther...")
10:07, 5 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:EEMIen01 (Created page with "== Abstract== An outstanding issue in cognitive neuroscience concerns how the brain is organized across different conditions. For instance, during the resting-state condition, the brain can be clustered into reliable and reproducible networks (e.g., sensory, default, executive networks). Interestingly, the same networks emerge during active conditions in response to various tasks. If similar patterns of neural activity have been found across diverse conditions, and ther...")
02:36, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLes06 (Created page with "==Final considerations== Topics that could distract the reader’s attention were, in fact, essential for demonstrating the message. Normally, indeed, when any more or less brilliant mind allows itself to throw a stone into the pond of Science, a shockwave is generated, typical of the period of Kuhn’s extraordinary science, against which most of the members of the international scientific community row. With good faith, we can say that this phenomenon—as regards the...")
02:36, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLde06 (Created page with "==Final considerations== Topics that could distract the reader’s attention were, in fact, essential for demonstrating the message. Normally, indeed, when any more or less brilliant mind allows itself to throw a stone into the pond of Science, a shockwave is generated, typical of the period of Kuhn’s extraordinary science, against which most of the members of the international scientific community row. With good faith, we can say that this phenomenon—as regards the...")
02:36, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLes05 (Created page with "==Fuzzy set <math>\tilde{A}</math> and membership function <math>\mu_{\displaystyle {\tilde {A}}}(x)</math>== We choose - as a formalism - to represent a fuzzy set with the 'tilde':<math>\tilde{A}</math>. A fuzzy set is a set where the elements have a 'degree' of belonging (consistent with fuzzy logic): some can be included in the set at 100%, others in lower percentages. To mathematically represent this degree of belonging is the function <math>\mu_{\displaystyle {\til...")
02:36, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLde05 (Created page with "==Fuzzy set <math>\tilde{A}</math> and membership function <math>\mu_{\displaystyle {\tilde {A}}}(x)</math>== We choose - as a formalism - to represent a fuzzy set with the 'tilde':<math>\tilde{A}</math>. A fuzzy set is a set where the elements have a 'degree' of belonging (consistent with fuzzy logic): some can be included in the set at 100%, others in lower percentages. To mathematically represent this degree of belonging is the function <math>\mu_{\displaystyle {\til...")
02:35, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLde04 (Created page with "===Set operators=== Given the whole universe <math>U</math> we indicate with <math>x</math> its generic element so that <math>x \in U</math>; then, we consider two subsets <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> internal to <math>U</math> so that <math>A \subset U</math> and <math>B \subset U</math> {| |left|80px |'''Union:''' represented by the symbol <math>\cup</math>, indicates the union of the two sets <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> <math>(A\cup B...")
02:35, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLes04 (Created page with "===Set operators=== Given the whole universe <math>U</math> we indicate with <math>x</math> its generic element so that <math>x \in U</math>; then, we consider two subsets <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> internal to <math>U</math> so that <math>A \subset U</math> and <math>B \subset U</math> {| |left|80px |'''Union:''' represented by the symbol <math>\cup</math>, indicates the union of the two sets <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> <math>(A\cup B...")
02:35, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLes03 (Created page with "==Set theory== As mentioned in the previous chapter, the basic concept of fuzzy logic is that of multivalence, i.e., in terms of set theory, of the possibility that an object can belong to a set even partially and, therefore, also to several sets with different degrees. Let us recall from the beginning the basic elements of the theory of ordinary sets. As will be seen, in them appear the formal expressions of the principles of Aristotelian logic, recalled in the previous...")
02:35, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLde03 (Created page with "==Set theory== As mentioned in the previous chapter, the basic concept of fuzzy logic is that of multivalence, i.e., in terms of set theory, of the possibility that an object can belong to a set even partially and, therefore, also to several sets with different degrees. Let us recall from the beginning the basic elements of the theory of ordinary sets. As will be seen, in them appear the formal expressions of the principles of Aristotelian logic, recalled in the previous...")
02:34, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLes02 (Created page with "==Fuzzy truth== In the ambitious attempt to mathematically translate human rationality, it was thought in the mid-twentieth century to expand the concept of classical logic by formulating fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic concerns the properties that we could call ‘graduality’, i.e., which can be attributed to an object with different degrees. Examples are the properties ‘being sick’, ‘having pain’, ‘being tall’, ‘being young’, and so on. Mathematically, fuzz...")
02:34, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLde02 (Created page with "==Fuzzy truth== In the ambitious attempt to mathematically translate human rationality, it was thought in the mid-twentieth century to expand the concept of classical logic by formulating fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic concerns the properties that we could call ‘graduality’, i.e., which can be attributed to an object with different degrees. Examples are the properties ‘being sick’, ‘having pain’, ‘being tall’, ‘being young’, and so on. Mathematically, fuzz...")
02:34, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLde01 (Created page with "==Introduction== We have come this far because, as colleagues, are very often faced with responsibilities and decisions that are very difficult to take and issues such as conscience, intelligence and humility come into play. In such a situation, however, we are faced with two equally difficult obstacles to manage that of one <math>KB</math> (Knowledge Basis), as we discussed in the chapter ‘Logic of probabilistic language’, lim...")
02:33, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLes01 (Created page with "==Introduction== We have come this far because, as colleagues, are very often faced with responsibilities and decisions that are very difficult to take and issues such as conscience, intelligence and humility come into play. In such a situation, however, we are faced with two equally difficult obstacles to manage that of one <math>KB</math> (Knowledge Basis), as we discussed in the chapter ‘Logic of probabilistic language’, lim...")
02:30, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Fuzzy logic language - es (Created page with "{{transl|es}} left|thumb|275px {{:Store:FLes01}} {{:Store:FLes02}} {{:Store:FLes03}} {{:Store:FLes04}} {{:Store:FLes05}} {{:Store:FLes06}} {{Bib}} {{apm}} Category:Articles about logic of language")
02:29, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Fuzzy logic language - de (Created page with "{{transl|de}} left|thumb|275px In diesem Kapitel werden wir uns mit der Fuzzy-Logik beschäftigen. Fuzzy heißt sie, weil sie sich durch Gradualität auszeichnet: Einem Objekt kann eine Eigenschaft zugeordnet werden, die unterschiedliche Wahrheitsgrade haben kann. Im ersten Teil dieses Kapitels wird die Bedeutung der abgestuften Wahrheit begrifflich erörtert, während wir uns im zweiten Teil mit dem mathematischen Formalismus beschäftigen, indem w...")
02:15, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLfr06 (Created page with "==Final considerations== Topics that could distract the reader’s attention were, in fact, essential for demonstrating the message. Normally, indeed, when any more or less brilliant mind allows itself to throw a stone into the pond of Science, a shockwave is generated, typical of the period of Kuhn’s extraordinary science, against which most of the members of the international scientific community row. With good faith, we can say that this phenomenon—as regards the...")
02:15, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLfr05 (Created page with "==Fuzzy set <math>\tilde{A}</math> and membership function <math>\mu_{\displaystyle {\tilde {A}}}(x)</math>== We choose - as a formalism - to represent a fuzzy set with the 'tilde':<math>\tilde{A}</math>. A fuzzy set is a set where the elements have a 'degree' of belonging (consistent with fuzzy logic): some can be included in the set at 100%, others in lower percentages. To mathematically represent this degree of belonging is the function <math>\mu_{\displaystyle {\til...")
02:14, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLfr04 (Created page with "===Set operators=== Given the whole universe <math>U</math> we indicate with <math>x</math> its generic element so that <math>x \in U</math>; then, we consider two subsets <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> internal to <math>U</math> so that <math>A \subset U</math> and <math>B \subset U</math> {| |left|80px |'''Union:''' represented by the symbol <math>\cup</math>, indicates the union of the two sets <math>A</math> and <math>B</math> <math>(A\cup B...")
02:14, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLfr03 (Created page with "==Set theory== As mentioned in the previous chapter, the basic concept of fuzzy logic is that of multivalence, i.e., in terms of set theory, of the possibility that an object can belong to a set even partially and, therefore, also to several sets with different degrees. Let us recall from the beginning the basic elements of the theory of ordinary sets. As will be seen, in them appear the formal expressions of the principles of Aristotelian logic, recalled in the previous...")
02:14, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLfr02 (Created page with "==Fuzzy truth== In the ambitious attempt to mathematically translate human rationality, it was thought in the mid-twentieth century to expand the concept of classical logic by formulating fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic concerns the properties that we could call ‘graduality’, i.e., which can be attributed to an object with different degrees. Examples are the properties ‘being sick’, ‘having pain’, ‘being tall’, ‘being young’, and so on. Mathematically, fuzz...")
02:13, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:FLfr01 (Created page with "==Introduction== We have come this far because, as colleagues, are very often faced with responsibilities and decisions that are very difficult to take and issues such as conscience, intelligence and humility come into play. In such a situation, however, we are faced with two equally difficult obstacles to manage that of one <math>KB</math> (Knowledge Basis), as we discussed in the chapter ‘Logic of probabilistic language’, lim...")
02:11, 4 November 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Fuzzy logic language - fr (Created page with "{{transl|fr}} left|thumb|275px Dans ce chapitre, nous allons aborder la logique floue. Elle est dite floue car elle se caractérise par la gradualité : on peut attribuer à un objet une qualité qui peut avoir différents degrés de vérité. Dans la première partie de ce chapitre, nous discuterons de la signification de la vérité graduelle sur le plan conceptuel, tandis que dans la deuxième partie, nous nous plongerons dans le formalisme math...")
09:47, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Template:TN/de (Created page with "Die Übersetzung dieser Seite ist noch nicht vollständig; schlagen Sie Ihre eigene Übersetzung auf der [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|Diskussionsseite]] vor.")
09:46, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Template:TN/es (Created page with "La traducción de esta página aún no está completa; proponga su propia traducción en la [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|página de discusión]].")
09:46, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Template:TN/fr (Created page with "La traduction de cette page n'est pas encore complète ; proposez votre propre traduction sur la [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|page de discussion]].")
09:45, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Template:TN/it (Created page with "La traduzione di questa pagina non è ancora completa; proponi la tua traduzione nella [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|pagina di discussione]].")
09:37, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLes05 (Created page with "==Final considerations== We took a long and tortuous path to better understand the complexity encountered by the colleague struggling with the very heavy ethical responsibility of making a diagnosis. However, this task becomes even more complex when we need to be detailed and careful in making a differential diagnosis. Here, we enter a delicate topic, that is connected with the epistemological contents and that first of all was reported in the "Introduction". We are...")
09:37, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLde05 (Created page with "==Final considerations== We took a long and tortuous path to better understand the complexity encountered by the colleague struggling with the very heavy ethical responsibility of making a diagnosis. However, this task becomes even more complex when we need to be detailed and careful in making a differential diagnosis. Here, we enter a delicate topic, that is connected with the epistemological contents and that first of all was reported in the "Introduction". We are...")
09:37, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLit05 (Created page with "==Final considerations== We took a long and tortuous path to better understand the complexity encountered by the colleague struggling with the very heavy ethical responsibility of making a diagnosis. However, this task becomes even more complex when we need to be detailed and careful in making a differential diagnosis. Here, we enter a delicate topic, that is connected with the epistemological contents and that first of all was reported in the "Introduction". We are...")
09:36, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLes04 (Created page with "==Probabilistic-causal analysis== From these premises it is clear that the clinical diagnosis is made using the so-called hypothetical-deductive method referred to as DN<ref name=":1">{{Cite book | autore = Sarkar S | titolo = Nagel on Reduction | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26386529/ | volume = | opera = Stud Hist Philos Sci | anno = 2015 | editore = | città = | ISBN = | PMID = 26386529 | PMCID = | DOI = 10.1016/j.shpsa.2015.05.006 | oaf...")
09:36, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLde04 (Created page with "==Probabilistic-causal analysis== From these premises it is clear that the clinical diagnosis is made using the so-called hypothetical-deductive method referred to as DN<ref name=":1">{{Cite book | autore = Sarkar S | titolo = Nagel on Reduction | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26386529/ | volume = | opera = Stud Hist Philos Sci | anno = 2015 | editore = | città = | ISBN = | PMID = 26386529 | PMCID = | DOI = 10.1016/j.shpsa.2015.05.006 | oaf...")
09:36, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLfr04 (Created page with "==Probabilistic-causal analysis== From these premises it is clear that the clinical diagnosis is made using the so-called hypothetical-deductive method referred to as DN<ref name=":1">{{Cite book | autore = Sarkar S | titolo = Nagel on Reduction | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26386529/ | volume = | opera = Stud Hist Philos Sci | anno = 2015 | editore = | città = | ISBN = | PMID = 26386529 | PMCID = | DOI = 10.1016/j.shpsa.2015.05.006 | oaf...")
09:36, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLit04 (Created page with "==Probabilistic-causal analysis== From these premises it is clear that the clinical diagnosis is made using the so-called hypothetical-deductive method referred to as DN<ref name=":1">{{Cite book | autore = Sarkar S | titolo = Nagel on Reduction | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26386529/ | volume = | opera = Stud Hist Philos Sci | anno = 2015 | editore = | città = | ISBN = | PMID = 26386529 | PMCID = | DOI = 10.1016/j.shpsa.2015.05.006 | oaf...")
09:35, 30 October 2022 Gianfranco talk contribs created page Store:LPLes03 (Created page with "==Subjective and objective probability== In this chapter, some topics already treated in the fantastic book by Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh<ref>{{cita libro |autore=Sadegh-Zadeh Kazem |titolo=Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-007-2260-6 |volume= |opera= |anno=2012 |editore=Springer |città=Dordrecht |ISBN=978-94-007-2259-0 |LCCN= |DOI=10.1007/978-94-007-2260-6 |OCLC= }}.</ref>, who tackles the problem of the logic of me...")

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