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Difference between revisions of "'The logic of the classical language'"
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In the previous chapter, dedicated to the "[[Logic of medical language|Logic of Medical Language]]", we shifted focus from traditional clinical signs to an encrypted machine language, highlighting the innovative contributions of Donald E. Stanley, Daniel G. Campos, and Pat Croskerry. They emphasized the use of time as an information vector in diagnostics<ref>{{Cite book | autore = Stanley DE | autore2 = Campos DG | titolo = The logic of medical diagnosis | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23974509/ | opera = Perspect Biol Med | anno = 2013 | DOI = 10.1353/pbm.2013.0019 | PMID = 23974509}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | autore = Croskerry P | titolo = Adaptive expertise in medical decision making | url = https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0142159X.2018.1484898 | opera = Med Teach | anno = 2018 | DOI = 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1484898 | PMID = 30033794}}</ref>. | ==Abstract== | ||
[[File:Spasmo emimasticatorio.jpg|left|300x300px]]In the previous chapter, dedicated to the "[[Logic of medical language|Logic of Medical Language]]", we shifted focus from traditional clinical signs to an encrypted machine language, highlighting the innovative contributions of Donald E. Stanley, Daniel G. Campos, and Pat Croskerry. They emphasized the use of time as an information vector in diagnostics<ref>{{Cite book | autore = Stanley DE | autore2 = Campos DG | titolo = The logic of medical diagnosis | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23974509/ | opera = Perspect Biol Med | anno = 2013 | DOI = 10.1353/pbm.2013.0019 | PMID = 23974509}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | autore = Croskerry P | titolo = Adaptive expertise in medical decision making | url = https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0142159X.2018.1484898 | opera = Med Teach | anno = 2018 | DOI = 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1484898 | PMID = 30033794}}</ref>. | |||
This paradigm shift does not diminish the value of clinical history but enhances it by integrating a computational approach to validate medical diagnostics. "Craniofacial Biology" is explored comprehensively, with pivotal studies by Townsend and Brook challenging existing paradigms and proposing new clinical applications through interdisciplinary approaches.<ref>{{Cite book | autore = Townsend GC | autore2 = Brook AH | titolo = The face, the future, and dental practice | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adj.12157 | opera = Aust Dent J | anno = 2014 | DOI = 10.1111/adj.12157 | PMID = 24646132}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | autore = Sperber GH | autore2 = Sperber SM | titolo = The genesis of craniofacial biology | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adj.12131 | opera = Aust Dent J | anno = 2014 | DOI = 10.1111/adj.12131 | PMID = 24495071}}</ref>Additionally, the role of epigenetics and phenomics in this field is underlined, offering new insights into dental and craniofacial anomalies through the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental interplay.<ref>{{Cite book | autore = Williams SD | autore2 = Hughes TE | autore3 = Adler CJ | autore4 = Brook AH | autore5 = Townsend GC | titolo = Epigenetics: a new frontier in dentistry | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adj.12155 | opera = Aust Dent J | anno = 2014 | DOI = 10.1111/adj.12155 | PMID = 24611746}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | autore = Yong R | autore2 = Ranjitkar S | autore3 = Townsend GC | autore4 = Brook AH | autore5 = Smith RN | autore6 = Evans AR | autore7 = Hughes TE | autore8 = Lekkas D | titolo = Dental phenomics | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adj.12156 | opera = Aust Dent J | anno = 2014 | DOI = 10.1111/adj.12156 | PMID = 24611797}}</ref>This extensive review also incorporates diverse studies, illustrating the dynamic complexities of craniofacial development and the significant implications for future dental practices<ref>{{Cite book | autore = Peterkova R | autore2 = Hovorakova M | autore3 = Peterka M | autore4 = Lesot H | titolo = Three‐dimensional analysis of the early development of the dentition | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adj.12130 | opera = Aust Dent J | anno = 2014 | DOI = 10.1111/adj.12130}}</ref>. In summary, this chapter emphasizes not only the advanced computational methodologies enhancing diagnostic precision but also the critical interdisciplinary perspectives necessary for holistic patient care in craniofacial anomalies. | This paradigm shift does not diminish the value of clinical history but enhances it by integrating a computational approach to validate medical diagnostics. "Craniofacial Biology" is explored comprehensively, with pivotal studies by Townsend and Brook challenging existing paradigms and proposing new clinical applications through interdisciplinary approaches.<ref>{{Cite book | autore = Townsend GC | autore2 = Brook AH | titolo = The face, the future, and dental practice | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adj.12157 | opera = Aust Dent J | anno = 2014 | DOI = 10.1111/adj.12157 | PMID = 24646132}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | autore = Sperber GH | autore2 = Sperber SM | titolo = The genesis of craniofacial biology | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adj.12131 | opera = Aust Dent J | anno = 2014 | DOI = 10.1111/adj.12131 | PMID = 24495071}}</ref>Additionally, the role of epigenetics and phenomics in this field is underlined, offering new insights into dental and craniofacial anomalies through the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental interplay.<ref>{{Cite book | autore = Williams SD | autore2 = Hughes TE | autore3 = Adler CJ | autore4 = Brook AH | autore5 = Townsend GC | titolo = Epigenetics: a new frontier in dentistry | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adj.12155 | opera = Aust Dent J | anno = 2014 | DOI = 10.1111/adj.12155 | PMID = 24611746}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | autore = Yong R | autore2 = Ranjitkar S | autore3 = Townsend GC | autore4 = Brook AH | autore5 = Smith RN | autore6 = Evans AR | autore7 = Hughes TE | autore8 = Lekkas D | titolo = Dental phenomics | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adj.12156 | opera = Aust Dent J | anno = 2014 | DOI = 10.1111/adj.12156 | PMID = 24611797}}</ref>This extensive review also incorporates diverse studies, illustrating the dynamic complexities of craniofacial development and the significant implications for future dental practices<ref>{{Cite book | autore = Peterkova R | autore2 = Hovorakova M | autore3 = Peterka M | autore4 = Lesot H | titolo = Three‐dimensional analysis of the early development of the dentition | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adj.12130 | opera = Aust Dent J | anno = 2014 | DOI = 10.1111/adj.12130}}</ref>. In summary, this chapter emphasizes not only the advanced computational methodologies enhancing diagnostic precision but also the critical interdisciplinary perspectives necessary for holistic patient care in craniofacial anomalies. | ||
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'''Mathematical Formalism:''' In this chapter, we revisit the clinical case of Mary Poppins, who has been suffering from Orofacial Pain for over ten years due to "Temporomandibular Disorder" (TMD). This section delves into the complexity of using Classic Language Logic to achieve a precise diagnostic definition. | '''Mathematical Formalism:''' In this chapter, we revisit the clinical case of Mary Poppins, who has been suffering from Orofacial Pain for over ten years due to "Temporomandibular Disorder" (TMD). This section delves into the complexity of using Classic Language Logic to achieve a precise diagnostic definition. | ||
'''Propositions''' The simplest propositions in logic can be combined using logical operators and quantifiers to construct complex logical statements, enhancing the precision and rigor required in mathematical and scientific reasoning. Key logical operators include: | '''Propositions''' The simplest propositions in logic can be combined using logical operators and quantifiers to construct complex logical statements, enhancing the precision and rigor required in mathematical and scientific reasoning. Key logical operators include: | ||
* '''Conjunction''' (<math>\land</math>), | *'''Conjunction''' (<math>\land</math>), | ||
* '''Disjunction''' (<math>\lor</math>), | *'''Disjunction''' (<math>\lor</math>), | ||
* '''Negation''' (<math>\urcorner</math>), | *'''Negation''' (<math>\urcorner</math>), | ||
* '''Implication''' (⇒), | *'''Implication''' (⇒), | ||
* '''Logical consequence''' (<math>\vdash</math>), | *'''Logical consequence''' (<math>\vdash</math>), | ||
* '''Universal quantifier''' (<math>\forall</math>), | *'''Universal quantifier''' (<math>\forall</math>), | ||
* '''Existential quantifier''' (<math>\exists</math>). | *'''Existential quantifier''' (<math>\exists</math>). | ||
These tools help form the backbone of logical reasoning used to navigate complex diagnostic processes in medical practice. | These tools help form the backbone of logical reasoning used to navigate complex diagnostic processes in medical practice. | ||
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The complexity arises when the dentist presents a series of statements based on clinical reports, such as stratigraphy and computed tomography (CT) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), indicating an anatomical flattening of the joint, axiography of the condylar paths with a reduction of cinematic convexity, and an electromyographic (EMG) interference pattern showing asymmetry on the masseters. These evidences can be considered co-causes of damage to the temporomandibular joint and, consequently, responsible for "Orofacial Pain". | The complexity arises when the dentist presents a series of statements based on clinical reports, such as stratigraphy and computed tomography (CT) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), indicating an anatomical flattening of the joint, axiography of the condylar paths with a reduction of cinematic convexity, and an electromyographic (EMG) interference pattern showing asymmetry on the masseters. These evidences can be considered co-causes of damage to the temporomandibular joint and, consequently, responsible for "Orofacial Pain". | ||
Documents, reports, and clinical evidence can be used to make the neurologist's statement incompatible and support the dentist's diagnostic conclusion. To do this, we present some logical rules that describe compatibility or incompatibility according to classical language logic: | Documents, reports, and clinical evidence can be used to make the neurologist's statement incompatible and support the dentist's diagnostic conclusion. To do this, we present some logical rules that describe compatibility or incompatibility according to classical language logic: | ||
# A set of sentences <math>\Im</math> and a number <math>n\geq1</math> of other sentences or statements <math>(\delta_1,\delta_2,.....\delta_n \ )</math> are logically compatible if, and only if, their union <math>\Im\cup{\delta_1,\delta_2.....\delta_n}</math> is coherent. | #A set of sentences <math>\Im</math> and a number <math>n\geq1</math> of other sentences or statements <math>(\delta_1,\delta_2,.....\delta_n \ )</math> are logically compatible if, and only if, their union <math>\Im\cup{\delta_1,\delta_2.....\delta_n}</math> is coherent. | ||
#A set of sentences <math>\Im</math> and a number <math>n\geq1</math> of other sentences or statements <math>(\delta_1,\delta_2,.....\delta_n \ )</math> are logically incompatible if, and only if, their union <math>\Im\cup{\delta_1,\delta_2.....\delta_n}</math> is incoherent. | # A set of sentences <math>\Im</math> and a number <math>n\geq1</math> of other sentences or statements <math>(\delta_1,\delta_2,.....\delta_n \ )</math> are logically incompatible if, and only if, their union <math>\Im\cup{\delta_1,\delta_2.....\delta_n}</math> is incoherent. | ||
Let's examine this concept with practical examples. The dentist presents the following statement: | Let's examine this concept with practical examples. The dentist presents the following statement: | ||