Difference between revisions of "'The logic of the classical language'"

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'''Predicates:'' Predicates are expressions that assert something about a set of elements, such as "all volleyball players are tall" ((<math>X</math being volleyball players). They are used extensively to describe groups of patients or medical conditions, providing a structured way to apply logical reasoning in medical diagnoses.
'''Predicates:'' Predicates are expressions that assert something about a set of elements, such as "all volleyball players are tall" <math>X</math> being volleyball players). They are used extensively to describe groups of patients or medical conditions, providing a structured way to apply logical reasoning in medical diagnoses.


Further diagnostic support is provided through the analysis of axiographic traces and surface electromyography, confirming the presence of TMD based on the observed asymmetry and functional abnormalities in masticatory muscles<ref>{{cite book | autore = Castroflorio T | autore2 = Talpone F | autore3 = Deregibus A | autore4 = Piancino MG | autore5 = Bracco P | titolo = Effects of a Functional Appliance on Masticatory Muscles of Young Adults Suffering From Muscle-Related Temporomandibular Disorder | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15189308/ | opera = J Oral Rehabil | anno = 2004 | DOI = 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01274.x | PMID = 15189308}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | autore = Maeda N | autore2 = Kodama N | autore3 = Manda Y | autore4 = Kawakami S | autore5 = Oki K | autore6 = Minagi S | titolo = Characteristics of Grouped Discharge Waveforms Observed in Long-term Masseter Muscle Electromyographic Recording: A Preliminary Study | url = http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/files/public/5/56938/20190821181112825794/73_4_357.pdf | opera = Acta Med Okayama | anno = 2019 | DOI = 10.18926/AMO/56938 | PMID = 31439959}}</ref>.
Further diagnostic support is provided through the analysis of axiographic traces and surface electromyography, confirming the presence of TMD based on the observed asymmetry and functional abnormalities in masticatory muscles
<ref>{{cite book | autore = Castroflorio T | autore2 = Talpone F | autore3 = Deregibus A | autore4 = Piancino MG | autore5 = Bracco P | titolo = Effects of a Functional Appliance on Masticatory Muscles of Young Adults Suffering From Muscle-Related Temporomandibular Disorder | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15189308/ | opera = J Oral Rehabil | anno = 2004 | DOI = 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01274.x | PMID = 15189308}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite book | autore = Maeda N | autore2 = Kodama N | autore3 = Manda Y | autore4 = Kawakami S | autore5 = Oki K | autore6 = Minagi S | titolo = Characteristics of Grouped Discharge Waveforms Observed in Long-term Masseter Muscle Electromyographic Recording: A Preliminary Study | url = http://ousar.lib.okayama-u.ac.jp/files/public/5/56938/20190821181112825794/73_4_357.pdf | opera = Acta Med Okayama | anno = 2019 | DOI = 10.18926/AMO/56938 | PMID = 31439959}}</ref>.




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| <math>{a \in x \mid \forall \text{x} ; A(\text{x}) \rightarrow {B}(\text{x}) \vdash A( a)\rightarrow B(a) }</math>
|<math>{a \in x \mid \forall \text{x} ; A(\text{x}) \rightarrow {B}(\text{x}) \vdash A( a)\rightarrow B(a) }</math>
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Documents, reports, and clinical evidence can be used to make the neurologist's statement incompatible and support the dentist's diagnostic conclusion. To do this, we present some logical rules that describe compatibility or incompatibility according to classical language logic:
Documents, reports, and clinical evidence can be used to make the neurologist's statement incompatible and support the dentist's diagnostic conclusion. To do this, we present some logical rules that describe compatibility or incompatibility according to classical language logic:
#A set of sentences <math>\Im</math> and a number <math>n\geq1</math> of other sentences or statements <math>(\delta_1,\delta_2,.....\delta_n \ )</math> are logically compatible if, and only if, their union <math>\Im\cup{\delta_1,\delta_2.....\delta_n}</math> is coherent.
# A set of sentences <math>\Im</math> and a number <math>n\geq1</math> of other sentences or statements <math>(\delta_1,\delta_2,.....\delta_n \ )</math> are logically compatible if, and only if, their union <math>\Im\cup{\delta_1,\delta_2.....\delta_n}</math> is coherent.
# A set of sentences <math>\Im</math> and a number <math>n\geq1</math> of other sentences or statements <math>(\delta_1,\delta_2,.....\delta_n \ )</math> are logically incompatible if, and only if, their union <math>\Im\cup{\delta_1,\delta_2.....\delta_n}</math> is incoherent.
#A set of sentences <math>\Im</math> and a number <math>n\geq1</math> of other sentences or statements <math>(\delta_1,\delta_2,.....\delta_n \ )</math> are logically incompatible if, and only if, their union <math>\Im\cup{\delta_1,\delta_2.....\delta_n}</math> is incoherent.


Let's examine this concept with practical examples. The dentist presents the following statement:
Let's examine this concept with practical examples. The dentist presents the following statement:
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<math>\delta_2=</math> Sensitivity and Specificity of the Axiographic Measurement: A study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the data obtained from a sample of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders, using the ARCUSdigma axiographic system. The results showed a sensitivity of 84.21% for the right TMJ and 92.86% for the left TMJ, with a specificity of 93.75% and 95.65%, respectively.
<math>\delta_2=</math> Sensitivity and Specificity of the Axiographic Measurement: A study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the data obtained from a sample of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders, using the ARCUSdigma axiographic system. The results showed a sensitivity of 84.21% for the right TMJ and 92.86% for the left TMJ, with a specificity of 93.75% and 95.65%, respectively.


<math>\delta_3=</math> Alteration in Condylar Paths: Urbano Santana-Mora and colleagues conducted a study on 24 adult patients suffering from severe chronic unilateral pain, diagnosed with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD). The research focused on the analysis of various functional and dynamic factors, including masticatory function, the remodeling of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) or condylar paths (CP), and lateral jaw movement or lateral guidance (LG). The CPs were evaluated using conventional axiography, while the LG was examined through kinesiographic tracing analysis. It was found that seventeen patients, corresponding to 71% of the total sample, habitually preferred to chew on one side. The mean and standard deviation of the CP angles were 47.90 (± 9.24) degrees, while the mean of the LG angles was 42.95 (± 11.78) degrees.
<math>\delta_3=</math>...................<center><div class="colour-button">[[Special:UserLogin&returnto=Introduction+Page|Read more]]</div>
 
<math>\delta_4=</math> EMG Interference Pattern: M.O. Mazzetto and collaborators demonstrated that there is a positive correlation between the electromyographic activity of the anterior temporal muscles and the masseter and the 'Cranio-Mandibular Index' (CMI), with a value of <math>P=0,01</math>. This suggests that the use of CMI to quantify the severity of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and electromyography (EMG) to assess the function of the masticatory muscles can represent a significant diagnostic and therapeutic element.
 
Given the evidence presented and the statements made, the dentist can legitimately claim that the set of sentences <math>\Im</math>, and a number <math>n\geq1</math> of other positive clinical assertions or data <math>(\delta_1,\delta_2,.....\delta_n \ )</math> are logically compatible. This is because their union, <math>\Im\cup{\delta_1,\delta_2.....\delta_n}</math>, turns out to be coherent.
<center><div class="colour-button">[[Special:UserLogin&returnto=Introduction+Page|Read more]]</div>
</center>
</center>
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