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(Created page with "==Final considerations== We took a long and tortuous path to better understand the complexity encountered by the colleague struggling with the very heavy ethical responsibility of making a diagnosis. However, this task becomes even more complex when we need to be detailed and careful in making a differential diagnosis. Here, we enter a delicate topic, that is connected with the epistemological contents and that first of all was reported in the "Introduction". We are...")
 
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==Final considerations==
==Considérations finales==
We took a long and tortuous path to better understand the complexity encountered by the colleague struggling with the very heavy ethical responsibility of making a diagnosis. However, this task becomes even more complex when we need to be detailed and careful in making a differential diagnosis.
Nous avons parcouru un chemin long et tortueux pour mieux comprendre la complexité rencontrée par le confrère aux prises avec la très lourde responsabilité éthique de poser un diagnostic. Cependant, cette tâche devient encore plus complexe lorsque nous devons être détaillés et prudents dans l'établissement d'un diagnostic différentiel. Ici, nous entrons dans un sujet délicat, qui est lié au contenu épistémologique et qui a d'abord été rapporté dans l'"[[Introduction]]". On parle de:


Here, we enter a delicate topic, that is connected with the epistemological contents and that first of all was reported in the "[[Introduction]]". We are talking about:
 
*'''Interdisciplinarity''': <br>''In science policy, it is generally recognized that science-based problem solving requires interdisciplinary research ('''IDR'''), as proposed by the EU project called Horizon 2020<ref>European Union, ''[https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/h2020-section/societal-challenges Horizon 2020]''</ref>. In a recent study, the authors focus on the question why researchers have cognitive and epistemic difficulties in conducting IDR. It is believed that the loss of philosophical interest in the epistemology of interdisciplinary research is caused by a philosophical paradigm of science called "Physics Paradigm of Science", which prevents recognition of important IDR changes in both the philosophy of science and research.<br>The proposed alternative philosophical paradigm, called 'Engineering Paradigm of Science', makes alternative philosophical assumptions about aspects such as the purpose of science, the character of knowledge, the epistemic and pragmatic criteria for the acceptance of knowledge and the role of technological tools. Consequently, scientific researchers need so-called metacognitive scaffolds to assist them in the analysis and reconstruction of how 'knowledge' is constructed in different disciplines.<br>In interdisciplinary research, metacognitive scaffolds help interdisciplinary communication analyse and articulate how the discipline builds knowledge<ref name=":0">{{cita libro  
*'''Interdisciplinarité :'''<br>En politique scientifique, il est généralement reconnu que la résolution de problèmes basée sur la science nécessite une recherche interdisciplinaire (IDR), comme le propose le projet européen Horizon 2020.''<ref>European Union, ''[https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/h2020-section/societal-challenges Horizon 2020]''</ref>'' Dans une étude récente, les auteurs se concentrent sur la question de savoir pourquoi les chercheurs ont des difficultés cognitives et épistémiques à réalisation d'IDR. On pense que la perte d'intérêt philosophique pour l'épistémologie de la recherche interdisciplinaire est causée par un paradigme philosophique de la science appelé "Physics Paradigm of Science", qui empêche la reconnaissance des changements importants de l'IDR à la fois dans la philosophie de la science et de la recherche. Le paradigme philosophique alternatif proposé, appelé 'Engineering Paradigm of Science', fait des hypothèses philosophiques alternatives sur des aspects tels que le but de la science, le caractère de la connaissance, les critères épistémiques et pragmatiques pour l'acceptation de la connaissance et le rôle des outils technologiques. Par conséquent, les chercheurs scientifiques ont besoin d'échafaudages dits métacognitifs pour les aider dans l'analyse et la reconstruction de la façon dont la « connaissance » est construite dans différentes disciplines. Dans la recherche interdisciplinaire, les échafaudages métacognitifs aident la communication interdisciplinaire à analyser et à articuler la manière dont la discipline construit les connaissances.''<ref name=":0">{{cita libro  
  | autore = Boon M
  | autore = Boon M
  | autore2 = Van Baalen S
  | autore2 = Van Baalen S
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  | DOI = 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.04.001
  | DOI = 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.04.001
  | OCLC =  
  | OCLC =  
  }}</ref>''
  }}</ref>''    


This concept is linked to the previously discussed topic in which the colleague should be aware of his own 'Subjective Uncertainty' (due to a classic logic language 'sick or healthy') and of 'Objective Uncertainty' (due to a probabilistic logic language 'probably sick or probably healthy'). It is not complicated to prove this assertion: the uncertainty we are talking about derives from the fact that the elements, assertions, data, classes and subclasses mentioned and that build the apparatus of the logic of probabilistic's language: Analysandum <math>  = \{P(D),a\}</math> and Analysan <math>  = \{P(D),a\}</math> are elements that exist in a specific world, and in this case in a dental context in which the element <math>KB</math> of the process indisputably indicates a "basic knowledge" only in a specific dental context.
This concept is linked to the previously discussed topic in which the colleague should be aware of his own 'Subjective Uncertainty' (due to a classic logic language 'sick or healthy') and of 'Objective Uncertainty' (due to a probabilistic logic language 'probably sick or probably healthy'). It is not complicated to prove this assertion: the uncertainty we are talking about derives from the fact that the elements, assertions, data, classes and subclasses mentioned and that build the apparatus of the logic of probabilistic's language: Analysandum <math>  = \{P(D),a\}</math> and Analysan <math>  = \{P(D),a\}</math> are elements that exist in a specific world, and in this case in a dental context in which the element <math>KB</math> of the process indisputably indicates a "basic knowledge" only in a specific dental context.
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