Difference between revisions of "Introduction"

A superficial view might suggest a conflict between the disciplinarity of the "{{Tooltip|Physics Paradigm of Science|2=The "Physical Paradigm of Science" is a concept that describes an epistemological and methodological approach typical of the physical sciences, centered on deterministic models and rigorous experimental methodologies. In this paradigm, scientific knowledge is based on precise and replicable empirical observations and relies on a scientific method that seeks universal laws to explain natural phenomena: 1. '''Determinism''': It assumes that all natural phenomena follow predetermined and constant laws. For example, according to classical physics, the position and velocity of an object, given a set of initial conditions, can be predicted with accuracy; 2. '''Measurability and Reproducibility''': It relies on quantitative measurements and reproducible experiments that ensure that results can be confirmed by other scientists, regardless of the context; 3. '''Isolation of Variables''': In physical experiments, there is an effort to isolate variables to analyze the specific effects of each one, often idealizing systems to study them under simplified conditions, such as in a vacuum or under zero friction.=== Limitations of the Physical Paradigm in Other Disciplines ===

The physical paradigm is extremely effective in classical natural sciences like physics and chemistry but has limitations in complex sciences such as neurophysiology or biology, where systems are more variable and internal and external interactions are dynamic and not always predictable.=== Application in Masticatory Neurophysiology ===

In masticatory neurophysiology, the physical paradigm can be useful for developing basic models and interpreting physiological responses to controlled stimuli, but it proves limited when trying to explain emergent behaviors, such as the recruitment of motor units and responses to complex stimuli. The nervous and muscular structures involved in mastication exhibit non-linear responses and individual variability, elements that require a more flexible and complex approach than the rigidity of the physical paradigm.=== Towards an Integrated Paradigm ===

In the life sciences and neurophysiology, an "Engineering Paradigm of Science" is emerging, which offers a more interdisciplinary and adaptive approach that considers complexity and system dynamics. This paradigm integrates natural variability, embraces uncertainty, and allows for the development of more flexible predictive models that account for the non-linear interactions among the different components of a biological system.}}" (which highlights anomalies) and the interdisciplinarity of the "Engineering Paradigm of Science " (focused on metacognitive scaffolds). However, these perspectives are not in conflict; they are complementary and drive "Paradigmatic Innovation" in science.