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}} 73, 1–19.</ref> | }} 73, 1–19.</ref> | ||
'''Interdisciplinarity''': Solving science-based problems increasingly demands interdisciplinary research (IDR), as underscored by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 project.<ref /> Yet IDR poses cognitive challenges, partly due to the dominant "Physical Paradigm of Science" that limits its recognition. The "Engineering Paradigm of Science" has been proposed as an alternative, focusing on technological tools and collaboration. Researchers need "metacognitive scaffolds"—tools to enhance interdisciplinary communication and knowledge construction.<ref /><ref /> | '''Interdisciplinarity''': Solving science-based problems increasingly demands interdisciplinary research (IDR), as underscored by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 project.<ref>European Union, ''[https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/h2020-section/societal-challenges Horizon 2020]''</ref> Yet IDR poses cognitive challenges, partly due to the dominant "Physical Paradigm of Science" that limits its recognition. The "Engineering Paradigm of Science" has been proposed as an alternative, focusing on technological tools and collaboration. Researchers need "metacognitive scaffolds"—tools to enhance interdisciplinary communication and knowledge construction.<ref name=":0">{{cita libro | ||
| autore = Boon M | |||
| autore2 = Van Baalen S | |||
| titolo = Epistemology for interdisciplinary research - shifting philosophical paradigms of science | |||
| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6383598/ | |||
| volume = | |||
| opera = Eur J Philos Sci | |||
| anno = 2019 | |||
| editore = | |||
| città = | |||
| ISBN = | |||
| LCCN = | |||
| DOI = 10.1007/s13194-018-0242-4 | |||
| OCLC = | |||
}} 9(1):16.</ref><ref>{{cita libro | |||
| autore = Boon M | |||
| titolo = An engineering paradigm in the biomedical sciences: Knowledge as epistemic tool | |||
| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28389261 | |||
| volume = | |||
| opera = Prog Biophys Mol Biol | |||
| anno = 2017 | |||
| editore = | |||
| città = | |||
| ISBN = | |||
| LCCN = | |||
| DOI = 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.04.001 | |||
| OCLC = | |||
}} Oct;129:25-39.</ref> | |||
==Interdisciplinarity== | ==Interdisciplinarity== | ||
A superficial view might suggest a conflict between the disciplinarity of the "Physics Paradigm of Science" (which highlights anomalies) and the interdisciplinarity of the "Engineering Paradigm of Science" (focused on metacognitive scaffolds). However, these perspectives are not in conflict; they are complementary and drive "Paradigmatic Innovation" in science. | A superficial view might suggest a conflict between the disciplinarity of the "Physics Paradigm of Science" (which highlights anomalies) and the interdisciplinarity of the "Engineering Paradigm of Science" (focused on metacognitive scaffolds). However, these perspectives are not in conflict; they are complementary and drive "Paradigmatic Innovation" in science. | ||