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| == Abstract ==
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| [[File:EMG Propofol.jpeg|left|300x300px]]
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| The chapter explores the diagnostic utility of electromyography in Orofacial Pain (OP) and Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs), questioning conventional understandings of muscle rest and activity. It reviews literature indicating that myofascial trigger points and associated pain can significantly alter electromyographic patterns in masticatory muscles, complicating the diagnosis and treatment of TMDs.
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| Studies, including those by Zieliński et al., show that electromyographic changes in masticatory muscles are often linked with myofascial pain and depression, influencing the resting bioelectrical activity of these muscles. These findings suggest that psychological factors, like depression, could exacerbate or influence the manifestation of TMD symptoms, warranting a holistic diagnostic approach that includes psychological assessment.
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| A 65-year-old female, previously diagnosed with TMDs, exhibited orofacial pain and electromyographic abnormalities not typical of TMDs. Advanced electromyographic analysis revealed patterns inconsistent with typical TMD diagnosis, suggesting an underlying neurological condition rather than a primary muscular disorder. This case emphasizes the need for comprehensive diagnostic approaches that go beyond standard TMD protocols.
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| The chapter discusses the use of electromyography in diagnosing TMDs, highlighting the need to distinguish between different types of muscle activities and their implications for TMD. It covers various electromyographic phenomena such as insertion activity, spontaneous activity, motor unit potentials, and recruitment patterns, which help differentiate between normal and pathological conditions.
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| In-depth analysis using needle EMG helps understand the complex interplay between muscle activity and TMD symptoms. The chapter describes the technical aspects and findings from needle EMG, including the analysis of motor unit action potentials and their relevance in confirming or refuting a TMD diagnosis.
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| An experimental study involving pharmacological intervention used Propofol to discern the effects of central nervous system depressants on muscle activity. This study aimed to differentiate between central and peripheral contributions to muscle activity in TMDs, providing insights into the central modulation of orofacial pain.
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| The chapter concludes that TMDs are multifactorial conditions where muscle activity can be influenced by central nervous system factors, psychological conditions, and local muscle pathology. It calls for a multidisciplinary approach to diagnose and treat TMDs effectively, incorporating advanced diagnostic techniques like electromyography and considering psychological assessments as part of the routine evaluation.
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| The findings suggest that future research should integrate neuropsychological and electromyographic assessments to better understand the etiology of TMDs. This approach could lead to more effective and targeted treatments, improving outcomes for patients suffering from this complex disorder.
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| {{ArtBy|autore=Gianni Frisardi}} | | {{ArtBy|autore=Gianni Frisardi}} |