Difference between revisions of "'Introduction'"

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The text strongly emphasizes the crucial role of interdisciplinary research, proposing the use of "metacognitive scaffolds" to overcome communicative difficulties between different disciplines. It proposes a holistic and interdisciplinary approach to understanding masticatory disorders, particularly malocclusion, which is explored not only from the traditional orthodontic perspective but also through a broader lens that considers the masticatory system as a whole.

Through the examination of a clinical case study, the traditional interpretation of malocclusion is questioned, suggesting that understanding malocclusion requires a view that considers the complexity of the masticatory system and its interaction with the nervous system. The introduction concludes by highlighting the importance of paradigmatic innovations that go beyond incremental improvements, to embrace a change in thinking that profoundly influences masticatory science.

This approach represents an invitation to overcome the limits of traditional dental conventions, proposing a model of understanding and treatment of masticatory disorders that is truly interdisciplinary, based on principles of open and inclusive science, oriented towards the acceptance of uncertainty, and the holistic evaluation of the patient.

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This section introduces "Masticationpedia" by setting a historical and philosophical context based on Thomas Kuhn's theory of paradigm shifts within science, specifically his ideas on how scientific progress is punctuated by periods of revolutionary change<ref name="KuhnStructure">Kuhn, Thomas S. "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions." Univ. of Chicago Press, 2012. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Structure_of_Scientific_Revolutions]</ref><ref>[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/thomas-samuel-kuhn/ Treccani, "Kuhn, Thomas Samuel"]. Or Wikipedia, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn Thomas Kuhn].</ref>. It details how recent technological and methodological "Innovations"<ref name="Heft2019">Heft MW, Fox CH, Duncan RP. "Assessing the Translation of Research and Innovation into Dental Practice." JDR Clin Trans Res. 2019. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31590599]</ref>, particularly in the field of dentistry, have prompted significant changes in scientific thought and practice, sometimes leading to challenges in established scientific certainties due to overlooked conceptual ambiguities<ref name="ExposureScience">"Exposure Science in the 21st Century. A Vision and a Strategy." Committee on Human and Environmental Exposure Science in the 21st Century; Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Research Council. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK206806/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK206806.pdf]</ref><ref name="Liu2014">Liu L, Li Y. "The unexpected side effects and safety of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies." Drugs Today. 2014;50(1):33-50. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24524104]</ref>. Kuhn's framework is employed to discuss how science evolves through a series of discontinuous paradigm shifts rather than continuous progression<ref name="KuhnStructure" />, highlighting the cyclical nature of scientific advancements and setbacks as they pertain to masticatory science. The discussion elaborates on three critical phases of paradigm change—Normal Science, Crisis of the Paradigm, and Scientific Revolution—as they apply to the field of dentistry<ref name="KuhnImage">Image Source: "The phases of paradigm change according to Thomas Kuhn." [File:The phases of paradigm change according to Thomas Kuhn.jpg]</ref>, underscoring the transformative impact of new paradigms on scientific inquiry and medical practice. This narrative sets the stage for understanding the complex interactions between scientific theories and the practical realities they aim to model, particularly in the dynamic field of masticatory rehabilitation.  

'''Epistemology''' is the branch of philosophy that studies the conditions and methods for acquiring scientific knowledge<ref>The term "epistemology" was likely coined by Scottish philosopher [[wpen:James Frederick Ferrier|James Frederick Ferrier]], as documented in his work ''Institutes of Metaphysic'' (1854). For more, see: [https://www.iep.utm.edu/ferrier/ Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy article on James Frederick Ferrier].</ref>. It addresses questions about the nature, scope, and validity of knowledge and is often used synonymously with 'theory of knowledge'.  

The exploration of '''epistemic evolution''' in science reveals a perceived conflict between the traditional "Physics Paradigm of Science" and the emerging "Engineering Paradigm of Science." The former focuses on individual disciplines and anomalies within those fields, while the latter promotes an interdisciplinary approach and uses metacognitive scaffolds to enhance understanding across disciplines. Contrary to initial appearances, these paradigms are not in opposition but are complementary, both contributing to what is termed "Paradigmatic Innovation"<ref>Discussion on the interaction between these paradigms can be found in the context of various scientific innovations and their impact on the field of dentistry, as detailed in Guven Y's "Scientific basis of dentistry," J Istanb Univ Fac Den, 2017. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5624148/]</ref>.

 

This synthesis becomes evident through the ongoing advancements in dentistry, influenced by both biological and digital revolutions, such as nanotechnologies and virtual reality simulations, which are redefining educational and clinical practices<ref>Zhao XF et al. "Diagnosis of biphenotypic acute leukemia: a paradigmatic approach," Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2010. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2776262]</ref>. These technological and methodological innovations underscore the shift from mere incremental improvements to profound paradigmatic innovations that reshape our understanding and approach to scientific challenges.

 

Further, this section discusses the broader implications of such paradigmatic innovations, which transcend typical scientific boundaries to affect societal and theoretical perspectives globally. It aligns with Kuhn’s philosophy that scientific progress is not linear but occurs via paradigm shifts that reflect deeper conceptual revolutions within the scientific community and society at large.

 

{{qnq|Ultimately, this discourse advocates for a holistic view where interdisciplinary strategies are crucial for true scientific advancement, urging a move beyond old paradigms to embrace new, more integrative approaches.}}

"Malocclusion" refers to improper teeth alignment and comes from Latin "malum," meaning "bad" or "wrong". This term encompasses various types of misalignments affecting dental and jaw positioning <ref>The term "Malocclusion" was introduced by [[wpen:Edward Angle|Edward Angle]], known as the father of modern orthodontics. See more in Gruenbaum T, "Famous Figures in Dentistry", Mouth – JASDA, 2010, 30(1):18.</ref>.

 

The complexity of diagnosing malocclusion involves understanding the full spectrum of individual dental positioning as it relates to overall masticatory function. This condition does not only affect aesthetics but can also impact physical health and quality of life, leading to problems in eating, speaking, and even breathing.

 

A profound exploration in 2019 identified a vast range of literature on the subject, with over 33,309 articles listed on PubMed alone<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%22malocclusion%22 Malocclusion articles on PubMed]</ref>, yet there was a significant variance in the diagnostic approaches and definitions used across the studies. This disparity points to a lack of consensus on what exactly constitutes malocclusion, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary research and standardized diagnostic criteria.

 

Interdisciplinary approaches are particularly sparse, with only four documented instances of such research in 2019, suggesting that while malocclusion is frequently discussed, it is often treated within narrow scientific confines rather than through collaborative efforts that ................................<center><div class="colour-button">[[Special:RequestAccount|Read more]]</div>

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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