Difference between revisions of "Influence of the Text Neck Posture on the Static Dental Occlusion"

Influence of the Text Neck Posture on the Static Dental Occlusion (view source)

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 A widely debated topic in the literature is whether or not changes in head and neck posture have a significant influence on dental occlusion. However, the effect of ''text neck posture'' (TNP) on occlusion has been overlooked in the dental literature. Chapman et al. (1991) used the T-Scan system to record and analyze the occlusal contacts that occur in ''maximum intercuspation'' (MI) in three different head positions: supine, sitting erect, and sitting with the head tipped forward.<ref>Chapman R.J., Maness W.L., Osorio J. Occlusal contact variation with changes in head position. Int. J. Prosthodont. 1991;4:377–381.</ref> They proved that the mandible is pushed forward during closure when the head is tipped forward, resulting in more anterior initial contacts. However, the total number of occlusal contacts in MI was not significantly modified by the postural change. This means that the main effect of a changed head position was on the initial tooth contacts, which guide the mandible back into MI from eccentric positions. The authors speculated that the location of the first occlusal contacts in the anterior region of the dental arches during closure (i.e., when the head is tipped forward) could produce occlusal overload of the individual teeth. Therefore, they are expected to alter the activity of the elevator muscles.
+In another T-Scan study of mouth closure, Makofsky et al. (1991) found that in subjects 30 years of age and older, a 30° ventroflexion of the head shifted the initial occlusal contacts anteriorly, while a 45° head extension displaced the contacts posteriorly older.<ref>Makofsky H.W., Sexton T.R., Diamond D.Z., Sexton M.T. The effect of head posture on muscle contact position using the T-Scan system of occlusal analysis. CRANIO® 1991;9:316–321. doi: 10.1080/08869634.1991.11678378.</ref> Gupta et al. (2017) reported that the occlusal contact area in MI varies between two different head postures: 90° upright and 30° ventroflexed [12].<ref>Gupta S., Tarannum F., Gupta N.K., Upadhyay M., Abdullah A. Effect of head posture on tooth contacts in dentate and complete denture wearers using computerized occlusal analysis system. J. Indian Prosthodont. Soc. 2017;17:250–254. doi: 10.4103/jips.jips_321_16.</ref> The pressed occlusal contact area (mm<sup>2</sup>) was measured using the Dental Prescale System (Dental Prescale, Fuji Film Co., Tokyo, Japan), a computerized occlusal analysis system used for the measurement and analysis of the bite force (N), the occlusal contact area (mm2), and the bite pressure (MPa). They concluded that the pressed occlusal contact area (mm<sup>2</sup>) decreased in head ventroflexion compared to the upright-erect position.
+Such studies have proved that physiological head positions, which are adopted naturally by the subjects, have a significant influence on some of the investigated static occlusal parameters, including the number and position of the initial tooth contacts during mouth closure, as well as on the occlusal contact area in MI. It must be pointed out that a 30° ventroflexion of the head coincides with the active feeding posture, while a 45° head extension is used for drinking.<ref>Haralur S.B., Al-Gadhaan S.M., Al-Qahtani A.S., Mossa A., Al-Shehri W.A., Addas M.K. Influence of functional head postures on the dynamic functional occlusal parameters. Ann. Med. Health Sci. Res. 2014;4:562–566. doi: 10.4103/2141-9248.139319.</ref>
+Fewer studies have addressed the effect of abnormal head positions such as the ''forward head posture''(FHP) on dental occlusion. In FHP, the subject pushes her/his head in front of its natural position over the cervical spine, with a simultaneous posterior bending of the head and a compensatory extension of the upper cervical spine, in order to maintain the horizontal direction of the eyes—for example, facing the computer desktop<ref>Patwardhan A.G., Khayatzadeh S., Havey R.M., Voronov L.I., Smith Z.A., Kalmanson O., Ghanayem A.J., Sears W. Cervical sagittal balance: A biomechanical perspective can help clinical practice. Eur. Spine J. 2018;27:25–38. doi: 10.1007/s00586-017-5367-1.</ref> (Figure 1a). Some authors even call this the desktop neck posture.<ref>(accessed on 20 July 2022)]. Available online:  [https://erikdalton.com/blog/text-neck-desktop-neck/ <nowiki>https://erikdalton.com/blog/text-neck-desktop-neck [Ref list]</nowiki>]</ref>
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