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* '''Input:''' By incoming trigger, we mean the cognitive process that the clinician implements as a function of the considerations received from previous statements, as has been pointed out in the chapters concerning the 'Medical language logic'. In our case, through the '<math>\tau</math> Consistency Demarcator, the neurological context was defined as suitable instead of the dental one pursuing a clinical diagnostic explanation of TMDs. | * '''Input:''' By incoming trigger, we mean the cognitive process that the clinician implements as a function of the considerations received from previous statements, as has been pointed out in the chapters concerning the 'Medical language logic'. In our case, through the '<math>\tau</math> Consistency Demarcator, the neurological context was defined as suitable instead of the dental one pursuing a clinical diagnostic explanation of TMDs. | ||
**This trigger is of essential importance because it allows the clinician to point out the network analysis 'Initialization command' which will connect a large sample of data corresponding to the set trigger. To this essential 'Initialization command', as an algorithmic decryption key, is added the last closing command which is equally important as it depends on the intuition of the clinician who will consider the decryption process finished. | **This trigger is of essential importance because it allows the clinician to point out the network analysis 'Initialization command' which will connect a large sample of data corresponding to the set trigger. To this essential 'Initialization command', as an algorithmic decryption key, is added the last closing command which is equally important as it depends on the intuition of the clinician who will consider the decryption process finished. | ||
**In Figure 1 | **In Figure 1 the structure of the 'CNN' is represented where the difference between the most common neural network structures can be noted and in which the first stage is structured with a high number of input variables. In our 'CNN' the first stage corresponds only to a node and precisely to the network analysis of 'Initialization command' called ' <math>\tau</math> Coherence Demarcator', the subsequent loops of the network, which allow the clinician to terminate or to reiterate the network, (1st loop open, 2st loop open,...... nst loop open) are decisive for concluding the decryption process ( Decrypted Code ). This step will be explained in more detail later in the chapter. | ||
[[File:Immagine 17-12-22 alle 11.34.jpeg|center|500x500px|'''Figure 1:'''Graphical representation of the 'CNN' proposed by Masticationpedia|thumb]] | [[File:Immagine 17-12-22 alle 11.34.jpeg|center|500x500px|'''Figure 1:'''Graphical representation of the 'CNN' proposed by Masticationpedia|thumb]] | ||
<center></center> | <center></center> | ||
* '''Output:''' The outgoing data from the network, which substantially correspond to a precise cognitive trigger request, returns a large number of data classified and correlated to the requested keyword. The clinician will have to devote time and concentration to continue decrypting the machine code. In fact, we have witnessed how, following the indications dictated by research criteria such as the 'Research Diagnostic Criteria' (RDC), our patient Mary Poppins was immediately categorized as 'TMDs' | * '''Output:''' The outgoing data from the network, which substantially correspond to a precise cognitive trigger request, returns a large number of data classified and correlated to the requested keyword. The clinician will have to devote time and concentration to continue decrypting the machine code. In fact, we have witnessed how, following the indications dictated by research criteria such as the 'Research Diagnostic Criteria' (RDC), our patient Mary Poppins was immediately categorized as 'TMDs'. We have also suggested a way to expand diagnostic capabilities in dentistry through a 'fuzzy' model that would allow to range in contexts other than one's own. This shows the complexity in making differential diagnoses and the difficulties in following a classical semiotic roadmap because we are anchored too much to verbal language and too little to a quantum culture of biological systems. This borders on the concept of machine language and initialization decryption command that we will briefly explain in the next paragraph. | ||
=== | === Initiatialization command === | ||
For a moment let's imagine that the brain speaks the language of a computer and not vice versa as happens in engineering, to distinguish the aforementioned difference between machine language and human verbal language. To write a sentence, a word or a formula, the computer does not use the classic verbal mode (alphabet) or the decimal mode (numbers) with which we write mathematical formulas but its own 'writing' language code called html code for the web . Let's take as an example the writing of a fairly complex formula, it is presented to our brain in the verbal language with which we have learned to read a mathematical equation, in the following form: | For a moment let's imagine that the brain speaks the language of a computer and not vice versa as happens in engineering, to distinguish the aforementioned difference between machine language and human verbal language. To write a sentence, a word or a formula, the computer does not use the classic verbal mode (alphabet) or the decimal mode (numbers) with which we write mathematical formulas but its own 'writing' language code called html code for the web. Let's take as an example the writing of a fairly complex formula, it is presented to our brain in the verbal language with which we have learned to read a mathematical equation, in the following form: | ||
<blockquote><math>+2\sum_{\alpha_1<\alpha_2}\cos\theta_{\alpha_1\alpha_2}\sqrt{P(A=\alpha_1)P(B=\beta|A=\alpha_1)} P(A=\alpha_2) | <blockquote><math>+2\sum_{\alpha_1<\alpha_2}\cos\theta_{\alpha_1\alpha_2}\sqrt{P(A=\alpha_1)P(B=\beta|A=\alpha_1)} P(A=\alpha_2) | ||
P(B=\beta|a=\alpha_2)</math> | P(B=\beta|a=\alpha_2)</math> | ||
and let us imagine, letting our minds wander, that this formula corresponds to the message of the Central Nervous System, as we have anticipated, | and let us imagine, letting our minds wander, that this formula corresponds to the message of the Central Nervous System, as we have anticipated, in the 'Ephaptic Transmission' still to be decrypted.</blockquote>The computer and therefore the brain, for our metaphorical example, does not know verbal language or rather it is only a convention generated to simplify natural communication, rather it has its own one with which to write the formula mentioned and in the wiki text language (with extension .php) looks like this, represented in figure 2: <blockquote>[[File:Codice mod.png|alt=|center|frame|'''Figura 2:''' Wiki text of a mathematical formula. Note the initialization <nowiki><math> command and the script exit </math></nowiki> command]] | ||
as | as we can see it has nothing to do with verbal language and in fact, the brain has its own machine language made up not of vowels, consonants and numbers but of action potentials, wave packets, frequencies and amplitudes, electric dipoles , etc. what we simply observe in an electroencephalographic tracing (EEG) and which represents, precisely, the electromagnetic fields on the scalp of the dipoles's activity and the cerebral ionic currents that propagate in the encephalic volume. </blockquote> | ||
The story, however, does not end here because this is a writing language that has nothing to do with the interpreter of computer hardware and therefore with the organic structure of the brain made up of Centers with specialized functions, synaptic, polysynaptic circuitry and | The story, however, does not end here because this is a writing language that has nothing to do with the interpreter of computer hardware and therefore with the organic structure of the brain made up of Centers with specialized functions, synaptic, polysynaptic circuitry and other. This writing language, therefore, derives from a machine language that is not modeled in the command '<nowiki><math>' rather than '+2\sum_{\alpha_1'} but derives from a binary language subsequently converted into html writing code. This is referred to as 'machine language' for both the computer and the brain and can be simulated as follows</nowiki> | ||
<blockquote>'''00101011 00110010 01011100 01110011 01110101 01101101''' 01011111 01111011 01011100 01100001 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110001 00111100 01011100 01100001 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110010 01111101 01011100 01100011 01101111 01110011 01011100 01110100 01101000 01100101 01110100 01100001 01011111 01111011 01011100 01100001 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110001 01011100 01100001 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110010 01111101 01011100 01110011 01110001 01110010 01110100 01111011 01010000 00101000 01000001 00111101 01011100 01100001 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110001 00101001 01010000 00101000 01000010 00111101 01011100 01100010 01100101 01110100 01100001 01111100 01000001 00111101 01011100 01100001 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110001 00101001 01111101 00100000 01010000 00101000 01000001 00111101 01011100 01100001 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110010 00101001 00001010 01010000 00101000 01000010 00111101 01011100 01100010 01100101 01110100 01100001 01111100 01100001 00111101 01011100 01100001 '''01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110010 00101001'''</blockquote><blockquote>But what if the following string 00101011 00110010 01011100 01110011 01110101 01101101 which corresponds to the <nowiki><math> command is not present in this code? </nowiki></blockquote>The message would be corrupted and the formula would not be generated due to lack of the most important step that of 'Initialization of the command code', as well as if we eliminated the last part of the code 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110010 00101001, corresponding to the closure of the script < /math> the formula would remain corrupted and indeterminate. | <blockquote>'''00101011 00110010 01011100 01110011 01110101 01101101''' 01011111 01111011 01011100 01100001 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110001 00111100 01011100 01100001 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110010 01111101 01011100 01100011 01101111 01110011 01011100 01110100 01101000 01100101 01110100 01100001 01011111 01111011 01011100 01100001 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110001 01011100 01100001 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110010 01111101 01011100 01110011 01110001 01110010 01110100 01111011 01010000 00101000 01000001 00111101 01011100 01100001 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110001 00101001 01010000 00101000 01000010 00111101 01011100 01100010 01100101 01110100 01100001 01111100 01000001 00111101 01011100 01100001 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110001 00101001 01111101 00100000 01010000 00101000 01000001 00111101 01011100 01100001 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110010 00101001 00001010 01010000 00101000 01000010 00111101 01011100 01100010 01100101 01110100 01100001 01111100 01100001 00111101 01011100 01100001 '''01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110010 00101001'''</blockquote><blockquote>But what if the following string 00101011 00110010 01011100 01110011 01110101 01101101 which corresponds to the <nowiki><math> command is not present in this code? </nowiki></blockquote>The message would be corrupted and the formula would not be generated due to lack of the most important step that of 'Initialization of the command code', as well as if we eliminated the last part of the code 01101100 01110000 01101000 01100001 01011111 00110010 00101001, corresponding to the closure of the script < /math> the formula would remain corrupted and indeterminate. | ||
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it would present itself in a way incomprehensible to most people. | it would present itself in a way incomprehensible to most people. | ||
+2\sum_{\alpha_1<\alpha_2}\cos\theta_{\alpha_1\alpha_2}\sqrt{P(A=\alpha_1)P(B=\beta|A=\alpha_1)} P(A=\alpha_2) P(B=\beta|a=\alpha_2) | +2\sum_{\alpha_1<\alpha_2}\cos\theta_{\alpha_1\alpha_2}\sqrt{P(A=\alpha_1)P(B=\beta|A=\alpha_1)} P(A=\alpha_2) P(B=\beta|a=\alpha_2)<blockquote>Just as the lack of part of the binary code corrupts the representation of the formula, similarly the decryption of the machine language of the CNS is a source of vagueness and ambiguity of the verbal language and contextually of diagnostic error.</blockquote> | ||
=== Cognitive process === | === Cognitive process === | ||
----The heart of the 'CNN' model lies in the cognitive process referred exclusively to the clinician who is at the helm while the network essentially remains the compass that warns of off course and/or suggests other alternative routes but the decision-making responsibility always refers to the clinician ( human mind). In this simple definition, we will perceive it better at the end of the chapter, the synergism 'Neural network' and 'Human cognitive process' of the clinician will be self-implementing because on the one hand the clinician is trained or better guided by the neural network (database) | ----The heart of the 'CNN' model lies in the cognitive process referred exclusively to the clinician who is at the helm while the network essentially remains the compass that warns of off course and/or suggests other alternative routes but the decision-making responsibility always refers to the clinician ( human mind). In this simple definition, we will perceive it better at the end of the chapter, the synergism 'Neural network' and 'Human cognitive process' of the clinician will be self-implementing because, on the one hand, the clinician is trained or better guided by the neural network (database), while, the last one will be trained on the latest updated scientific-clinical event. Basically, the definitive diagnosis will add an additional piece of information to the temporal base knowledge <math>Kb_t</math>. This model differs substantially from 'machine learning' just by observing the two models in their structural configuration (Figures 1 and 3). | ||
[[File:Joim12822-fig-0004-m.jpeg|alt=|left|thumb|200x200px|'''Figure 3:''' Graphic representation of an archetypal ANN in which it can be seen in the first stage of initialization where there are five input nodes<ref name=":1">G S Handelman, H K Kok, R V Chandra, A H Razavi, M J Lee, H Asadi. eDoctor: machine learning and the future of medicine.J Intern Med.2018 Dec;284(6):603-619.doi: 10.1111/joim.12822. Epub 2018 Sep 3.</ref> while in the 'CNN' model the first stage is composed of only one node. Follow text. ]]Figure 3 shows a typical neural network, also known as artificial NNs. These artificial NNs attempt to use multiple layers of calculations to mimic the concept of how the human brain interprets and draws conclusions from information.<ref name=":1" /> NNs are essentially mathematical models designed to handle complex and disparate information, and this algorithm's nomenclature comes from its use of synapse-like "nodes" in the brain.<ref>Schwarzer G, Vach W, Schumacher M. On the misuses of artificial neural networks for prognostic and diagnostic classification in oncology. Stat Med 2000; 19: 541–61.</ref> The learning process of a NN can be supervised or unsupervised. A neural network is said to learn in a supervised manner if the desired output is already targeted and introduced into the network by data training while unsupervised NN has no such pre-identified target outputs and the goal is to group similar units close together in certain areas of the range of values. The supervised module takes data (e.g., symptoms, risk factors, imaging and laboratory findings) for training on known outcomes and searches for different combinations to find the most predictive combination of variables. NN assigns more or less weight to certain combinations of nodes to optimize the predictive performance of the trained model.<ref>Abdi H. A neural network primer. J Biol Syst 1994; 02: 247–81.</ref> | [[File:Joim12822-fig-0004-m.jpeg|alt=|left|thumb|200x200px|'''Figure 3:''' Graphic representation of an archetypal ANN in which it can be seen in the first stage of initialization where there are five input nodes<ref name=":1">G S Handelman, H K Kok, R V Chandra, A H Razavi, M J Lee, H Asadi. eDoctor: machine learning and the future of medicine.J Intern Med.2018 Dec;284(6):603-619.doi: 10.1111/joim.12822. Epub 2018 Sep 3.</ref> while in the 'CNN' model the first stage is composed of only one node. Follow text. ]]Figure 3 shows a typical neural network, also known as artificial NNs. These artificial NNs attempt to use multiple layers of calculations to mimic the concept of how the human brain interprets and draws conclusions from information.<ref name=":1" /> NNs are essentially mathematical models designed to handle complex and disparate information, and this algorithm's nomenclature comes from its use of synapse-like "nodes" in the brain.<ref>Schwarzer G, Vach W, Schumacher M. On the misuses of artificial neural networks for prognostic and diagnostic classification in oncology. Stat Med 2000; 19: 541–61.</ref> The learning process of a NN can be supervised or unsupervised. A neural network is said to learn in a supervised manner if the desired output is already targeted and introduced into the network by data training, while, unsupervised NN has no such pre-identified target outputs and the goal is to group similar units close together in certain areas of the range of values. The supervised module takes data (e.g., symptoms, risk factors, imaging and laboratory findings) for training on known outcomes and searches for different combinations to find the most predictive combination of variables. NN assigns more or less weight to certain combinations of nodes to optimize the predictive performance of the trained model.<ref>Abdi H. A neural network primer. J Biol Syst 1994; 02: 247–81.</ref> | ||
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