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Pleomorphic adenoma

Figure 4: Histological examination of a pleomorphic adenoma from Wikipedia

Pleomorphic adenoma is a common benign neoplasm of the salivary glands characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of epithelial (ductal) cells together with myoepithelial components, with malignant potential. It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor and the most common parotid gland tumor. It derives its name from the architectural Pleomorphism (variable aspect) seen under the optical microscope. It is also known as a "mixed tumor, salivary gland type", which refers to its dual origin from epithelial and myoepithelial elements in contrast to its pleomorphic appearance.

The diagnosis of salivary gland tumors uses both tissue sampling and radiographic studies. Tissue sampling procedures include fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (needle larger than FNA). Both of these procedures can be performed on an outpatient basis. Imaging techniques for salivary gland tumors include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT allows direct bilateral visualization of salivary gland tumor and provides information on overall size and tissue invasion. CT is excellent for demonstrating bone invasion. MRI provides superior soft tissue delineation such as perineural invasion compared to CT alone as well described by Mehmet Koyuncu et al.^[1]

This last observation is very important because an invasion of the tumor of the nervous tissues in the infratemporal fossa cannot be excluded and precisely because of the complexity of the disease we report a work by Rosalie A Machado et al.^[2] which can be deepened in the sub-chapter of Masticationpedia ' Intermittent facial spasms as the presenting sign of a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma 'in which the authors confirm that to date the development of facial spasms has not been reported in parotid neoplasms. The most common etiologies for hemifacial spasm are vascular compression of the facial nerve ipsilateral to the cerebellopontine angle (defined as primary or idiopathic) (62%), hereditary (2%), secondary to Bell's palsy or facial nerve injury (17 %) and imitators of hemifacial spasms (psychogenic, tics, dystonia, myoclonus, myochemia, myorhythmias and hemimasticatory spasm) (17%).

↑ Mehmet Koyuncu, Teoman Seşen, Hüseyin Akan, Ahmet A Ismailoglu, Yücel Tanyeri, Atilla Tekat, Recep Unal, Lütfi Incesu. Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of parotid tumors.Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Dec;129(6):726-32.doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.07.009.
↑ . 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.86. Rosalie A Machado, Sami P Moubayed, Azita Khorsandi, Juan C Hernandez-Prera, Mark L Urken. Intermittent facial spasms as the presenting sign of a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma. World J Clin Oncol. 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.86.

[1] Mehmet Koyuncu, Teoman Seşen, Hüseyin Akan, Ahmet A Ismailoglu, Yücel Tanyeri, Atilla Tekat, Recep Unal, Lütfi Incesu. Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of parotid tumors.Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Dec;129(6):726-32.doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.07.009.

[2] . 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.86. Rosalie A Machado, Sami P Moubayed, Azita Khorsandi, Juan C Hernandez-Prera, Mark L Urken. Intermittent facial spasms as the presenting sign of a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma. World J Clin Oncol. 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.86.

[1]

[2]

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-=== adenoma pleomorfo ===
+=== Pleomorphic adenoma ===
-[[File:Cytopathology of pleomorphic adenoma.png|thumb|Figura 4: Examen histológico de un adenoma pleomórfico [[wikipedia:Pleomorphic_adenoma|Wikipedia]] ]]
+[[File:Cytopathology of pleomorphic adenoma.png|thumb|'''Figure 4:''' Histological examination of a pleomorphic adenoma from [[wikipedia:Pleomorphic_adenoma|Wikipedia]] ]]
-El adenoma pleomórfico es una neoplasia benigna común de las glándulas salivales caracterizada por la proliferación neoplásica de células epiteliales (ductales) junto con componentes mioepiteliales con potencial maligno. Es el tipo más común de tumor de la glándula salival y el tumor de la glándula parótida más común. Deriva su nombre del pleomorfismo arquitectónico (apariencia variable) visto bajo el microscopio óptico. También se le conoce como un "tumor mixto tipo glándula salival", en referencia a su origen dual de elementos epiteliales y mioepiteliales en contraste con su apariencia pleomórfica.
+Pleomorphic adenoma is a common benign neoplasm of the salivary glands characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of epithelial (ductal) cells together with myoepithelial components, with malignant potential. It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor and the most common parotid gland tumor. It derives its name from the architectural Pleomorphism (variable aspect) seen under the optical microscope. It is also known as a "mixed tumor, salivary gland type", which refers to its dual origin from epithelial and myoepithelial elements in contrast to its pleomorphic appearance.
-El diagnóstico de los tumores de las glándulas salivales se basa en muestras de tejido y exámenes de rayos X. Los procedimientos de extracción de tejido incluyen aspiración con aguja fina (FNA) y biopsia con aguja gruesa (aguja más grande que FNA). Ambos procedimientos se pueden realizar de forma ambulatoria. Las pruebas de imagen para los tumores de las glándulas salivales incluyen ecografía, tomografía computarizada (TC) e imágenes por resonancia magnética (IRM). La TC permite la visualización bilateral directa del tumor de las glándulas salivales y proporciona información sobre el tamaño total y la invasión de tejido. La TC es excelente para demostrar la invasión del océano. En comparación con la TC sola, la RM ofrece una visualización superior de los tejidos blandos, p. B. invasión perineural según lo descrito por Mehmet Koyuncu et al.<ref>Mehmet Koyuncu, Teoman Seşen, Hüseyin Akan, Ahmet A Ismailoglu, Yücel Tanyeri, Atilla Tekat, Recep Unal, Lütfi Incesu. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14663442/ Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of parotid tumors].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Dec;129(6):726-32.doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.07.009.
+The diagnosis of salivary gland tumors uses both tissue sampling and radiographic studies. Tissue sampling procedures include fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (needle larger than FNA). Both of these procedures can be performed on an outpatient basis. Imaging techniques for salivary gland tumors include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT allows direct bilateral visualization of salivary gland tumor and provides information on overall size and tissue invasion. CT is excellent for demonstrating bone invasion. MRI provides superior soft tissue delineation such as perineural invasion compared to CT alone as well described by Mehmet Koyuncu et al.<ref>Mehmet Koyuncu, Teoman Seşen, Hüseyin Akan, Ahmet A Ismailoglu, Yücel Tanyeri, Atilla Tekat, Recep Unal, Lütfi Incesu. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14663442/ Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of parotid tumors].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Dec;129(6):726-32.doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.07.009.
-</ref><blockquote>Esta última observación es muy importante ya que no se puede descartar una invasión del tumor del tejido nervioso en la fosa infratemporal y precisamente por la complejidad de la enfermedad reportamos un estudio de Rosalie A. Machado et al.<ref>. 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90.
+</ref><blockquote>This last observation is very important because an invasion of the tumor of the nervous tissues in the infratemporal fossa cannot be excluded and precisely because of the complexity of the disease we report a work by Rosalie A Machado et al.<ref>. 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90.
 doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.86.
 Rosalie A Machado, Sami P Moubayed, Azita Khorsandi, Juan C Hernandez-Prera, Mark L Urken. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28246588/ Intermittent facial spasms as the presenting sign of a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma.] World J Clin Oncol. 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.86.
-</ref>Esto se puede explorar más a fondo en el subcapítulo de Masticationpedia "Espasmos faciales intermitentes como signo de adenoma pleomórfico recurrente", donde los autores confirman que el desarrollo de espasmos faciales en neoplasias parotídeas no se ha informado previamente. Las etiologías más comunes del espasmo hemifacial son la compresión vascular del nervio facial ipsilateral al ángulo pontocerebeloso (definida como primaria o idiopática) (62%), hereditaria (2%), secundaria a parálisis de Bell o lesión del nervio facial (17%). y simulando espasmos hemifaciales (psicogénicos, tics, distonía, mioclono, mioquimia, mioarritmias y espasmo hemimasticatorio) (17%).</blockquote>
+</ref> which can be deepened in the sub-chapter of Masticationpedia ' [[Intermittent facial spasms as the presenting sign of a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma]] 'in which the authors confirm that to date the development of facial spasms has not been reported in parotid neoplasms. The most common etiologies for hemifacial spasm are vascular compression of the facial nerve ipsilateral to the cerebellopontine angle (defined as primary or idiopathic) (62%), hereditary (2%), secondary to Bell's palsy or facial nerve injury (17 %) and imitators of hemifacial spasms (psychogenic, tics, dystonia, myoclonus, myochemia, myorhythmias and '''hemimasticatory spasm''') (17%).</blockquote>