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Pleomorphic adenoma

Figure 4: Histological examination of a pleomorphic adenoma from Wikipedia

Pleomorphic adenoma is a common benign neoplasm of the salivary glands characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of epithelial (ductal) cells together with myoepithelial components, with malignant potential. It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor and the most common parotid gland tumor. It derives its name from the architectural Pleomorphism (variable aspect) seen under the optical microscope. It is also known as a "mixed tumor, salivary gland type", which refers to its dual origin from epithelial and myoepithelial elements in contrast to its pleomorphic appearance.

The diagnosis of salivary gland tumors uses both tissue sampling and radiographic studies. Tissue sampling procedures include fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (needle larger than FNA). Both of these procedures can be performed on an outpatient basis. Imaging techniques for salivary gland tumors include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT allows direct bilateral visualization of salivary gland tumor and provides information on overall size and tissue invasion. CT is excellent for demonstrating bone invasion. MRI provides superior soft tissue delineation such as perineural invasion compared to CT alone as well described by Mehmet Koyuncu et al.^[1]

This last observation is very important because an invasion of the tumor of the nervous tissues in the infratemporal fossa cannot be excluded and precisely because of the complexity of the disease we report a work by Rosalie A Machado et al.^[2] which can be deepened in the sub-chapter of Masticationpedia ' Intermittent facial spasms as the presenting sign of a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma 'in which the authors confirm that to date the development of facial spasms has not been reported in parotid neoplasms. The most common etiologies for hemifacial spasm are vascular compression of the facial nerve ipsilateral to the cerebellopontine angle (defined as primary or idiopathic) (62%), hereditary (2%), secondary to Bell's palsy or facial nerve injury (17 %) and imitators of hemifacial spasms (psychogenic, tics, dystonia, myoclonus, myochemia, myorhythmias and hemimasticatory spasm) (17%).

↑ Mehmet Koyuncu, Teoman Seşen, Hüseyin Akan, Ahmet A Ismailoglu, Yücel Tanyeri, Atilla Tekat, Recep Unal, Lütfi Incesu. Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of parotid tumors.Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Dec;129(6):726-32.doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.07.009.
↑ . 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.86. Rosalie A Machado, Sami P Moubayed, Azita Khorsandi, Juan C Hernandez-Prera, Mark L Urken. Intermittent facial spasms as the presenting sign of a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma. World J Clin Oncol. 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.86.

[1] Mehmet Koyuncu, Teoman Seşen, Hüseyin Akan, Ahmet A Ismailoglu, Yücel Tanyeri, Atilla Tekat, Recep Unal, Lütfi Incesu. Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of parotid tumors.Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Dec;129(6):726-32.doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.07.009.

[2] . 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.86. Rosalie A Machado, Sami P Moubayed, Azita Khorsandi, Juan C Hernandez-Prera, Mark L Urken. Intermittent facial spasms as the presenting sign of a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma. World J Clin Oncol. 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.86.

[1]

[2]

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-=== adenom pleomorph ===
+=== Pleomorphic adenoma ===
-[[File:Cytopathology of pleomorphic adenoma.png|thumb|Abbildung 4 : Histologische Untersuchung eines pleomorphen Adenoms [[wikipedia:Pleomorphic_adenoma|Wikipedia]] ]]
+[[File:Cytopathology of pleomorphic adenoma.png|thumb|'''Figure 4:''' Histological examination of a pleomorphic adenoma from [[wikipedia:Pleomorphic_adenoma|Wikipedia]] ]]
-Das pleomorphe Adenom ist eine häufige gutartige Neubildung der Speicheldrüsen, die durch eine neoplastische Proliferation von epithelialen (duktalen) Zellen zusammen mit myoepithelialen Komponenten mit bösartigem Potenzial gekennzeichnet ist. Es ist die häufigste Form von Speicheldrüsentumoren und der häufigste Ohrspeicheldrüsentumor. Es leitet seinen Namen vom architektonischen Pleomorphismus (variables Aussehen) ab, der unter dem Lichtmikroskop gesehen wird. Er wird auch als „Mischtumor vom Speicheldrüsentyp“ bezeichnet, was sich auf seinen dualen Ursprung aus epithelialen und myoepithelialen Elementen im Gegensatz zu seinem pleomorphen Erscheinungsbild bezieht.
+Pleomorphic adenoma is a common benign neoplasm of the salivary glands characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of epithelial (ductal) cells together with myoepithelial components, with malignant potential. It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor and the most common parotid gland tumor. It derives its name from the architectural Pleomorphism (variable aspect) seen under the optical microscope. It is also known as a "mixed tumor, salivary gland type", which refers to its dual origin from epithelial and myoepithelial elements in contrast to its pleomorphic appearance.
-Die Diagnose von Speicheldrüsentumoren erfolgt anhand von Gewebeproben und Röntgenuntersuchungen. Verfahren zur Gewebeentnahme umfassen Feinnadelaspiration (FNA) und Kernnadelbiopsie (Nadel größer als FNA). Beide Verfahren können ambulant durchgeführt werden. Zu den bildgebenden Verfahren für Speicheldrüsentumoren gehören Ultraschall, Computertomographie (CT) und Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT). Die CT ermöglicht eine direkte bilaterale Darstellung des Tumors der Speicheldrüsen und gibt Aufschluss über die Gesamtgröße und Gewebeinvasion. Der CT eignet sich hervorragend für die Demonstration der Invasion des Ozeans. Die MRT bietet im Vergleich zur alleinigen CT eine überlegene Darstellung von Weichgewebe, wie z. B. perineuraler Invasion, wie von Mehmet Koyuncu et al.<ref>Mehmet Koyuncu, Teoman Seşen, Hüseyin Akan, Ahmet A Ismailoglu, Yücel Tanyeri, Atilla Tekat, Recep Unal, Lütfi Incesu. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14663442/ Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of parotid tumors].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Dec;129(6):726-32.doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.07.009.
+The diagnosis of salivary gland tumors uses both tissue sampling and radiographic studies. Tissue sampling procedures include fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (needle larger than FNA). Both of these procedures can be performed on an outpatient basis. Imaging techniques for salivary gland tumors include ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT allows direct bilateral visualization of salivary gland tumor and provides information on overall size and tissue invasion. CT is excellent for demonstrating bone invasion. MRI provides superior soft tissue delineation such as perineural invasion compared to CT alone as well described by Mehmet Koyuncu et al.<ref>Mehmet Koyuncu, Teoman Seşen, Hüseyin Akan, Ahmet A Ismailoglu, Yücel Tanyeri, Atilla Tekat, Recep Unal, Lütfi Incesu. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14663442/ Comparison of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of parotid tumors].Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003 Dec;129(6):726-32.doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.07.009.
-</ref><blockquote>Diese letzte Beobachtung ist sehr wichtig, da eine Invasion des Tumors des Nervengewebes in der Fossa infratemporalis nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann und gerade wegen der Komplexität der Krankheit berichten wir über eine Studie von Rosalie A. Machado et al.<ref>. 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90.
+</ref><blockquote>This last observation is very important because an invasion of the tumor of the nervous tissues in the infratemporal fossa cannot be excluded and precisely because of the complexity of the disease we report a work by Rosalie A Machado et al.<ref>. 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90.
 doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.86.
 Rosalie A Machado, Sami P Moubayed, Azita Khorsandi, Juan C Hernandez-Prera, Mark L Urken. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28246588/ Intermittent facial spasms as the presenting sign of a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma.] World J Clin Oncol. 2017 Feb 10;8(1):86-90. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v8.i1.86.
-</ref>Dies kann im Unterkapitel von Masticationpedia „Intermittierende Gesichtsspasmen als Zeichen eines rezidivierenden pleomorphen Adenoms“ weiter untersucht werden, in dem die Autoren bestätigen, dass die Entwicklung von Gesichtsspasmen bei Parotisneoplasmen bisher nicht berichtet wurde. Die häufigsten Ätiologien des Hemifacial Spasmus sind vaskuläre Kompression des Gesichtsnervs ipsilateral zum Kleinhirnbrückenwinkel (definiert als primär oder idiopathisch) (62 %), erblich (2 %), sekundär zu Bell-Lähmung oder Gesichtsnervenverletzung (17 %) und hemifaziale Spasmen imitieren (psychogen, Tics, Dystonie, Myoklonus, Myochämie, Myoarrhythmien und hemimasticatorischer Spasmus) (17 %).</blockquote>
+</ref> which can be deepened in the sub-chapter of Masticationpedia ' [[Intermittent facial spasms as the presenting sign of a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma]] 'in which the authors confirm that to date the development of facial spasms has not been reported in parotid neoplasms. The most common etiologies for hemifacial spasm are vascular compression of the facial nerve ipsilateral to the cerebellopontine angle (defined as primary or idiopathic) (62%), hereditary (2%), secondary to Bell's palsy or facial nerve injury (17 %) and imitators of hemifacial spasms (psychogenic, tics, dystonia, myoclonus, myochemia, myorhythmias and '''hemimasticatory spasm''') (17%).</blockquote>