View source for Conclusion of the ‘Normal Science’ section

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{{ArtBy|||autore=Gianni Frisardi|autore2=Giorgio Cruccu|autore3=Luca Fontana|autore4=Cesare Iani|autore5=|autore6=Diego Centonze|autore7=Manuel Luci|autore8=Flavio Frisardi|autore9=}}
'''Abstract:'''This chapter marks the conclusion of the 'Normal Science' phase, addressing key diagnostic issues in the complex field of Orofacial Pain (OP) and Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs). Through a critical examination of current diagnostic paradigms such as the RDC/TMD, the chapter highlights the challenges of distinguishing TMD from other systemic diseases. A 5-year clinical study forms the basis for a new diagnostic model, the 'Index Ψ,' which integrates classical Bayesian probability with quantum models to address diagnostic uncertainty.

Bayes' Theorem was applied to the data from the RDC/TMD model, showing a high probability (81%) of diagnosing TMD in symptomatic patients. However, the study's follow-up revealed the presence of serious non-TMD pathologies in many patients, leading to interference that reduced the diagnostic accuracy to 9.56%. This discrepancy was mathematically represented by a quantum interference term, introducing the idea of non-commutative diagnostic variables. The order of diagnostic tests was shown to influence outcomes, suggesting the need for a quantum-inspired approach to complex medical diagnoses.

The study concludes by emphasizing the limits of deterministic diagnostic models and advocating for a flexible, multidisciplinary approach that accounts for the complex interplay between different clinical conditions. Future research should explore the integration of quantum models in medical diagnostics to improve accuracy and patient outcomes in multifactorial conditions like TMDs.