View source for Conclusions on the status quo in the logic of medical language regarding the masticatory system - en

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[[File:Masticationpedia 1.jpg|left|250px]]
The model presented here above, of course, is remarkably complex because in this context only the conceptual procedure to follow has been presented: we will see later in the course of reading that everything will materialize in interesting modeling of the trigeminal electrophysiological responses from which a clinical mesoscopic model will be created, of which we can already anticipate the name: '''Index <math>\Psi</math>'''. 

Through this Index <math>\Psi</math>, we will be able to evaluate in detail, and quickly, the state of the trigeminal system, as well as to consider whether the patient is in 'Normocclusion' or in 'Malocclusion' but above all to be able to make a differential diagnosis between structural and functional organic pathologies. Too often, unfortunately, we assist in categorizing a pathology according to the symptomatology but the latter is a very eventful event in any case to a wide range of organic disorders and could lead to an incorrect diagnosis. 

{{ArtBy|
| autore = Gianni Frisardi
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{{Bookind2}}

== Introduction ==

After a lexical path concerning the status quo in the field of diagnostics of the masticatory system, sometimes apparently off topic, we have reached the stage in which all the discourses crystallize in clinical practice and therefore we will try to explain the reason for so much dialectical length. 

First of all, we can defend this strategy of conceptual exposure with the difficulty of the change of mindset which is generally innate in the human being, like Kuhn explains so clearly in his scientific philosophy of 'Paradigms'. He taught us that the new paradigms, namely the 'Extraordinary Science', generate tenacious opponents to their acceptance. This is also justifiable, because there are a myriad of storytellers around, although it is also true that the new paradigms destabilize the acquired power and that is why they are often rejected even by confirmed cultural environments.

Having said that, however, the fact is that here there is a human being called 'Patient' involved, and the restriction of the cultural and progressive field does not go to the detriment of the man of power (a professor, a politician, ...) but exclusively of the patient. Since the project follows the Feyerabend philosophy, as already said in previous pages, Masticationpedia shows all its loyal, democratic and ethical scientific thinking with ideas, facts and clinical cases, the rest will be time to judge the veracity of the project.

==Errors and causes==

Medical errors diagnose as much as the axioms on which therapeutic models are based are continually clashing between titans of the clinical scientific scene as some studies on the subject point out:

* The lack of standardized nomenclature and overlapping definitions of medical errors has hindered the analysis, the synthesis and data evaluation.<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Rodziewicz TL
 | autore2 = Houseman B
 | autore3 = Hipskind JE
 | titolo = Medical Error Reduction and Prevention
 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499956/
 | volume = 
 | opera = 
 | anno = 2022
 | editore = StatPearls Publishing LLC
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 
 | PMID = 29763131
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
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 }}</ref>
* The diagnostic process is collaborative and involves the patient, the clinician, the healthcare system and its various stakeholders <ref>
{{cita libro 
 | autore = Grandmaison G
 | autore2 = Ribordy V
 | autore3 = Mancinetti M
 | titolo = Diagnostic errors : The importance of a systems approach
 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34495586/
 | volume = 
 | opera = Rev Med Suisse
 | anno = 2021
 | editore = 
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 
 | PMID = 34495586
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
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 }}</ref>
* Contributing factors associated with misdiagnosis included dentist knowledge and skills, inadequate time, lack of communication between colleagues, and cognitive biases such as premature closure based on prior experience. Some participants perceived that an error only occurs when the choice of treatment leads to harm. The strategies suggested by the participants to prevent these errors required adequate time to investigate a case, form study groups, increase communication, and place greater emphasis on differential diagnosis.<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Nikdel C
 | autore2 = Nikdel K
 | autore3 = Ibarra-Noriega A
 | autore4 = Kalenderian A
 | autore5 = Walji MF
 | autore6 = 
 | autore7 = 
 | titolo = Clinical Dental Faculty Members' Perceptions of Diagnostic Errors and How to Avoid Them
 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29606650/
 | volume = 
 | opera = J Dent Educ
 | anno = 2018
 | editore = 
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.21815/JDE.018.037
 | PMID = 29606650
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref>

These three bibliographic references were enough to extrapolate some essential concepts such as: 
*'''standardized nomenclature''', which presupposes the need for formal methodologies, like in mathematical and physical sciences, and not subjective and/or exclusively descriptive models. 
*the '''diagnostic process''' understood as an 'Observable' in which several elements are involved, such as the observer, the measuring instrument, the patient as well as the ability to interpret verbal language and decode the encrypted signal of the observed system; 
*place greater emphasis on '''differential diagnosis''', a key element that we will try to demonstrate practically with some cases mentioned in the previous chapters.

==A coherent language==
These quotations and questions have led us to a more appropriate and profound description of the topics covered in the previous chapters, because we cannot talk about standardized nomenclature, diagnostic process and differential diagnosis without talking about:

* '''Epistemology of knowledge'''
<blockquote>
Epistemology (from the Greek ἐπιστήμη, epistème, "certain knowledge" or "science", and λόγος, logos, "discourse") is that branch of philosophy that deals with the conditions under which scientific knowledge can be obtained and the methods to achieve such knowledge. The term specifically indicates that part of gnoseology that studies the foundations, validity and limits of scientific knowledge.

In fact, an almost unlimited value has been given to a statistical test such as {{pv}} <ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Amrhein V
 | autore2 = Greenland S
 | autore3 = McShane B
 | titolo = Scientists rise up against statistical significance
 | url = https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00857-9
 | volume = 
 | opera = Nature
 | anno = 2019
 | editore = 
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.1038/d41586-019-00857-9
 | PMID = 30894741
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref><ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Rodgers JL
 | titolo = The epistemology of mathematical and statistical modeling: a quiet methodological revolution
 | url = https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-24989-001
 | volume = 
 | opera = Am Psychol
 | anno = 2010
 | editore = American Psychological Association
 | città = Washington, DC
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.1037/a0018326
 | PMID = 20063905
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
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 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref><ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Meehl P
 | titolo = The problem is epistemology, not statistics: replace significance tests by confidence intervals and quantify accuracy of risky numerical predictions
 | url = https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-24989-001
 | volume = 
 | opera = Am Psychol
 | anno = 1997
 | editore = American Psychological Association
 | città = Washington, DC
 | ISBN = 9781315827353
 | DOI = 10.1037/a0018326
 | PMID = 20063905
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
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 }}</ref> and to the statistical data of a 'Classical Probability' based on Bayes' Theorem (which we will discuss in the next chapters)<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Sprenger J
 | autore2 = Hartmann S
 | titolo = Bayesian Philosophy of Science. Variations on a Theme by the Reverend Thomas Bayes
 | url = 
 | volume = 
 | opera = 
 | anno = 2019
 | editore = Oxford University Press
 | città = Oxford, UK
 | ISBN = 9780199672110
 | DOI = 
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 }}</ref> and then witness a relative brake on the subject {{pv}} <ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Wasserstein RL
 | autore2 = Schirm AL
 | autore3 = Lazar NA
 | titolo = Moving to a World Beyond “p < 0.05”
 | url = https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2019.1583913
 | volume = 
 | opera = Am Stat
 | anno = 2019
 | editore = Informa UK Limited
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | ISSN = 1537-2731
 | DOI = 10.1080/00031305.2019.1583913
 | PMID = 
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = yes<!-- qualsiasi valore -->
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 }} </ref><ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Dettweiler U
 | titolo = The Rationality of Science and the Inevitability of Defining Prior Beliefs in Empirical Research
 | url = https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01866/pdf
 | volume = 
 | opera = Front Psychol
 | anno = 2019
 | editore = 
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01866
 | PMID = 31456724
 | PMCID = PMC6700237
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 }}</ref> and all that is <nowiki>'</nowiki>'''Epistomology'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>, that almost spontaneously highlighted another fundamental passage that of 'Interdisciplinarity', a phenomenon that only with great effort is recognized as important as the specialized disciplines.
</blockquote>
* '''Interdisciplinarity'''
<blockquote>
The proposed alternative philosophical paradigm, called the "Engineering Paradigm of Science" implies alternative philosophical assumptions regarding aspects such as the purpose of science, the character of knowledge, the epistemic and pragmatic criteria for the acceptance of knowledge and the role of technological tools. Consequently, scientific researchers need so-called metacognitive scaffolds to aid in the analysis and reconstruction of how "knowledge" is constructed in different disciplines. <ref name=boonvan>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Boon M
 | autore2 = Van Baalen S
 | titolo = Epistemology for interdisciplinary research - shifting philosophical paradigms of science
 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6383598/pdf/13194_2018_Article_242.pdf
 | volume = Topical Collection: EPSA17: Selected papers from the biannual conference in Exeter
 | opera = Eur J Philos Sci
 | anno = 2019
 | editore = Springer
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.1007/s13194-018-0242-4
 | PMID = 30873248
 | PMCID = PMC6383598 
 | oaf = yes<!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref><ref name="boon">{{cita libro 
 | autore = Boon M
 | titolo = An engineering paradigm in the biomedical sciences: Knowledge as epistemic tool
 | url = 
 | volume = 
 | opera = Prog Biophys Mol Biol
 | anno = 2017
 | editore = Elsevier Ltd
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2017.04.001
 | PMID = 28389261
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref> Precisely these 'Metacognitive Scaffolds' have allowed us to consider an important requirement in diagnostics that of 'basic knowledge' which tends to reduce the vagueness and ambiguity of the logic of medical language.<ref>Codish S, Shiffman RN, «'''A model of ambiguity and vagueness in clinical practice guideline recommendations'''», in [[:Category:Citations from AMIA Annu Symp Proc|AMIA Annu Symp Proc]], 2005.<small>PMID:16779019</small></ref>
</blockquote>
* '''Logic of medical language'''
<blockquote>
These premises<ref name=boonvan /><ref name="boon" /> led us to the description of 'Fuzzy logic' models in which the 'Basic knowledge' is stratified at multiple levels of the context in multiple disciplines, increasing its capacity in differential diagnosis. All this is '''Logic of medical language'''<nowiki/>' with which we followed the diagnostic process of our poor patient 'Mary Poppins' who for 10 years hoped to be made a certain diagnosis despite the various attempts of clinical scientific propositions in the dental and neurological context:

'''Propositions in the Dental Context''' 

<math>\delta_1=</math> Positive radiological report of the TMJ in Figure 2

<math>\delta_2=</math> Positive CT report of the TMJ in Figure 3

<math>\delta_3=</math>  Positive axiographic report of the condylar traces in Figure 4

<math>\delta_4=</math>  Asymmetric EMG interference pattern in Figure 5

'''Propositions in the Neurological Context'''

<math>{\gamma _{1}}=</math> Jaw jerk in Figure 6

<math>{\displaystyle \gamma _{2}}=</math>  Mechanical Silent Period in Figure 7

<math>{\displaystyle \gamma _{3}}=</math>  CT right masseter muscle in Figure 8
</blockquote>
<center>
===Propositions in the Dental Context===
<gallery widths="300" heights="200" perrow="4" slideshow""="">
File:Spasmo emimasticatorio.jpg|'''Figure 1:'''  Patient in '''entry''' in the Functional Neuro Gnathology Department who reported right hemilateral orofacial pain for 10 years with previous diagnosis of Temporomandibular Dysfunction.
</gallery>
</center>
<center><gallery widths="300" heights="200" perrow="4" slideshow""="">
File:Spasmo emimasticatorio ATM.jpg|'''Figure 2:'''  <math>\delta_1=</math> Patient's TMJ Stratigraphy showing signs of condylar flattening and osteophyte
File:Atm1 sclerodermia.jpg|'''Figure 3:''' <math>\delta_1=</math> Computed Tomography of the TMJ showing the flattening of the TMJ
File:1600px-Spasmo emimasticatorio assiografia.jpeg|''' Figure 4:''' <math>\delta_1=</math> Axiography of the patient showing a flattening of the chewing pattern on the right condyle
File:EMG2.jpg|'''Figure 5:''' <math>\delta_2=</math> EMG Interferential Pattern. Overlapping upper traces corresponding to the right masseter, lower to the left masseter. 
</gallery>
</center>

<center>
'''Propositions in the Neurological Context'''<gallery widths="350" heights="200" perrow="4" slideshow""="">
File:Spasmo emimasticatorio JJ.jpg|'''Figure 6:''' <math>{\gamma _{1}}=</math> Jaw jerk electrophysiologically detected on the right (upper traces) and left (lower traces) masseters
File:Spasmo emimasticatorio SP.jpg|'''Figure 7:''' <math>\gamma _2=</math> Mechanical silent period detected electrophysiologically on the right (upper overlapping traces) and left (lower overlapping traces) masseters
File:Spasmo emimasticatorio TC.jpg|''' Figure 8:''' <math>\gamma _3=</math> CT shows evident hypertrophy of the right masseter
File:Spasmo emimasticatorio.jpg|'''Figura 9:''' Patient in '''leaving''' from the Functional Neuro Gnathology Department after 1 week with differential diagnosis of 'Hemimasticatory Spasm' 
</gallery>
</center>

Any colleague, even if of excellent clinical preparation in his own exclusive scientific dental context, would have had considerable difficulty in making a differential diagnosis between 'Temporomandibular Disorders' and 'Neuromotor Damage' without implementing his 'basic knowledge' on the exclusively neurophysiological phenomenon of [[Two Forms of Electrical Transmission Between Neurons|Synaptic trasmissione]] in the dedicated chapter. Here, in fact, the limits of the {{pv}}, classical probability and Bayes statistical processes referring to specific contents of the discipline in question.
* The '''encrypted code''' sent out by the trigeminal system, the one to be decrypted, was:

{{q2|Ephaptic trasmission |<small>we will discuss it extensively in the chapter 'Hemimasticatory Spasm'</small>}}

Already serious complexities of medical reality and difficulties of an ambiguous and vague logic of language, are worsened by additional problems related to the peculiar  interpretation of the phenomena, an approach which is substantially dichotomous: a phenomenon that is physical, chemical or biological, can be interpreted through a deterministic mindset (a 'cause/effect only', one) which falls into a classical probability, or prefers an exclusively probabilistic description of the reality, called quantum probability. 

After these considerations, we have proposed to think of a superposition of states in a system, starting a priori from the solid belief that an asymptomatic subject is simultaneously healthy and sick, until the 'Observable' is measured through an instrument. Leaving aside the various possible interpretations, the collapse of orthodox thought will be caused by its interaction with a macroscopic measuring object; that is when this 'Observable' is observed by the observer. 

We have therefore generated an 'Observable' (which includes the physical state of the system itself), an observer and a measuring instrument.

==Introduction to quantum-like diagnostics==

As already described in the dedicated chapters, the '''quantum-like strategy''' exclusively concerns the epistemological and probabilistic aspect, and has no correlation with the typical characteristics of ''quantum particle physics'', although it extrapolates ''probabilistic mathematics''. To be precise, the formula <math>\psi(t_1)=|1\rangle |vivo \rangle + |0\rangle |morto \rangle</math> is not complete: we have to multiply each term to the right of the equation with a number. The number indicates the 'probability' that the specific event will occur, the complete formula will then be: 

<math>\psi(t_1)=\sqrt{p_1}|1\rangle |alive \rangle + \sqrt{p_0}|0\rangle |dead \rangle</math>

The number indicates the (square rooted) probability that the specific event will occur.

Let's take an example that brings us back closer to the medical field:

If the event <math>|1\rangle |healty \rangle</math> has a 50% chance of occurrence and the event <math>|0\rangle |sick \rangle</math> has 50% to occur then the formula becomes (less than phase factors)

'''<math>\psi(t)=\sqrt 50%|1\rangle |healthy \rangle + \sqrt 50%|0\rangle |sick \rangle</math>'''

which in more exact mathematical terms turns into

'''<math>\psi(t)=\sqrt 0.5|1\rangle |healthy \rangle + \sqrt 0.5|0\rangle |sick  \rangle</math>'''

In this way, two other limits of laboratory diagnostics measuments are deduced: that of [[Quantum-like modeling in biology with open quantum systems and instruments|<math>K_{brain}</math>]] analogous values to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the incompatibility between classical probability vs quantum probability which substantially cast indecision on the interpretation of clinical and diagnostic phenomena. 



===A practical example ===
Let's spend a few time to take a look at this example:

{| width="80%" |
|-
| width="10%" |{{CD1}}Entry level:{{CD2}}
| width="10%" |{{CD1}}'''Malocclusion'''{{CD2}}
| align="right" width="10%" |{{CD1}}'''Normocclusion'''{{CD2}}
|}<center>
<gallery widths="350" heights="200" perrow="2" slideshow""="">
File:Occlusal Centric view in open and cross bite patient.jpg|'''Figure 10a:''' A first patient in '''entry''' in the Functional Neuro Gnathology department referred by colleagues for orthodontic and orthodontic treatment.<br>Orthodontically speaking, it would be irreverent not to consider the patient in a state of malocclusion. According to orthodontic canons, this is a case that has to be treated both orthodontically and surgically to restore a hypothetical 'Normocclusion';<br>yet, we will see that the reality is quite different
File:Chirurgia Ortognatica 1.jpeg|'''Figure 10b:''' A second patient entering the Functional Neuro Gnathology department, referred by colleagues for a prosthetic rehabilitation of the edentulous patients present, after having been surgically treated with a bimaxillary orthognathic intervention. The patient's occlusal state had been considered by colleagues to be in a condition of 'Normocclusion', however, we will see also in this case that the reality is quite different.
</gallery>
</center>
----
<center>
<gallery widths="350" heights="200" perrow="2" slideshow""="">
File:Bilateral Electric Transcranial Stimulation.jpg|'''Figure 11a''':  Determination of the (structural or organic) anatomical symmetry of the patient's motor trigeminal nervous system in figure 1 with '''Malocclusion'''. The area of the graph (latency-amplitude) gives for the right side the value 13.15 mV / ms, for the left side a value of 13.60 mV / ms <br>This indicates a symmetry difference of 0.8%.

File:Transcranial Stimulation 1.jpeg|'''Figure 11b:''' Determination of the anatomical symmetry of the patient's nervous system "figure 1 malocclusion". The graph area (latency-amplitude) gives for the right side the value 9.7 mV / ms for the left side a value of 9.69 mV / ms. <br>This indicates a symmetry of 0.1%.
</gallery>
</center>

<center>
<gallery widths="350" heights="200" perrow="3" slideshow""="">
File:Jaw Jerk .jpg|'''Figure 12a:''' Determination of the functional component of the Central Nervous System. Results for patient 1 malocclusion show an area of 1.34 mV / ms and 1.46 mV / ms on the right and left masseter, respectively. This shows an asymmetry between sides of only 8.2%.
File:Ortognatica Jaw jerk.jpeg|'''Figure 12b:''' Determination of the functional component of the Central Nervous System. Results for patient 2 (normocclusion) show an area of 1.37 mV / ms and 0.13 mV / ms on the right and left masseter, respectively. This shows an asymmetry between sides of over 90%.
</gallery>
</center>

<center>
<gallery widths="350" heights="200" perrow="2" slideshow""="">
File:Mechanic Silent Period.jpg|'''Figure 13a:''' Execution of the Mechanical Silent Period showing perfect symmetry both in latency and duration as well as a well represented post-inhibition integral area.

File:Ortognatica Periodo silente.jpeg|'''Figure 13b:''' Lack of the masseterine mechanical Silent Period on both sides which demonstrates the evident lack of motor neuron recruitment from occlusal instability.
</gallery>

----

<gallery widths="350" heights="200" perrow="2" slideshow""="">
File:Occlusal Centric view in open and cross bite patient.jpg|'''Figure 14a:''' Patient in '' 'exit' '' from the Functional Neuro Gnathology department with referencing of 'Occlusal dimorphism' and not of 'Malocclusion'

File:Chirurgia Ortognatica 1.jpeg|'''Figure 14b:''' Patient in '' 'exit' '' from the Functional Neuro Gnathology department with severe 'Malocclusion' report to be treated immediately.
</gallery></center>

{| width="80%" |
|-
| width="10%" |{{CD1}}Exit level:{{CD2}}
| width="10%" |{{CD1}}'''Normocclusion'''{{CD2}}
| align="right" width="10%" |{{CD1}}'''Malocclusion'''{{CD2}}
|}
----

In the end, after having somehow considered the axiomatic certainties and deterministic significances in a diagnostic context as critical (<math>P-value</math>), and having proposed a quantum probability model that in broad lines follows the path of the Bayes Theorem by adding an interference element (see [[Quantum-like modeling in biology with open quantum systems and instruments|Khrennikov]]) in the dedicated chapter but obviously an Hamletic doubt arises: 
<center>
{{q2|To be healthy or not to be healthy, that is the question|}}
</center>

===Towards a model ===

The model presented here above, of course, is remarkably complex because in this context only the conceptual procedure to follow has been presented: we will see later in the course of reading that everything will materialize in an interesting modeling of the trigeminal electrophysiological responses from which a clinical mesoscopic model will be created, of which we can already anticipate the name: '<math>Index \psi</math>'. 

Through this <math>Index \psi</math> we will be able to evaluate in detail, and quickly, the state of the trigeminal system, as well as to consider whether the patient is in 'Normocclusion' or in 'Malocclusion'

Having said this, however, there is a clarification to avoid falling into misunderstandings such as:

{{q2|1=<span style="color:purple">Then let's not treat anyone anymore</span>»<br><br>Well, this is not at all the moral of the story, we would say, instead:<br><br>«<span style="color:#228b22">Yes, of course, we will continue to treat patients, but now we will do it knowing what we are doing from a neurophysiological point of view.</span>
}}

===Another example===
Just for the sake of completeness. 

Figure 15a shows the previously presented patient undergoing orthognathic surgery; at a first electrophysiological check he showed a wide asymmetry of the reflexes, with lack of the masseterine silent period. This led us, therefore, to confirm the occlusal state of 'Malocclusion'. This could give rise to the above said misunderstandings because, actually, orthognathic will never be able to respect the neurophysiological conditions in an appropriate way: the interventions are complex and must be performed in a condition of curarization that cancels the neuromotor component. 

The orthognathic, therefore, intrinsically has a critical limit: the cancellation of the neuromotor component, and still it must necessarily follow the anatomical and occlusal canons. The fact is that, frequently, the anatomical and neuromotor conditions coincide, returning a perfectly successful model from an aesthetic, functional and neuromuscular point of view; but sometimes the pre- and operative conditions prove unsuccessful in this aim.

The occlusal position, and therefore the 'Centric Relationship',<ref>{{cita libro 
 | autore = Zonnenberg AJJ 
 | autore2 = Türp JC
 | autore3 = Greene CS
 | titolo = Centric relation critically revisited-What are the clinical implications?
 | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/joor.13215
 | volume = 
 | opera = J Oral Rehabil
 | anno = 2021
 | editore = 
 | città = 
 | ISBN = 
 | DOI = 10.1111/joor.13215
 | PMID = 34164832
 | PMCID = 
 | oaf = <!-- qualsiasi valore -->
 | LCCN = 
 | OCLC = 
 }}</ref> necessarily depend on the spatial position of the TMJ and of the mandible after surgical reduction. The finalization procedures, therefore, through anatomical maneuvers, such as the centric recordings, will necessarily return the spatial position appreciated in figure 15b.

<center>
<gallery widths="240" heights="200" perrow="3" slideshow""="">
File:Chirurgia Ortognatica 1.jpeg|'''Figure 15a:''' Second patient leaving the Functional Neuro Gnathology department with a severe 'Malocclusion' report to be treated immediately.
File:ETCS post ortognatica modificata.jpeg|'''Figure 15b:''' Greater magnification detail to visualize the mandibular incisal position after orthognathic surgery
File:ETCS post ortognatica.jpeg|'''Figure 15c:''' Details in greater magnification to visualize the displacement of the mandibular incisal position through the "Neuro-evoked Centric Registration"
</gallery>
</center>

As previously mentioned, for each problem the code to decrypt should be found, and in this case it is the ''curarization'', that has canceled the neuromotor component; consequently, it is from here that we must start to recover the component.

By performing a neuro evoked Centric recording through a technique of 'Transcranial Electrical Stimulation' of the trigeminal motor roots, the mandibular spatial position will correspond to the neuromotor component and the irrefutable result will be that in figure 15c.

As you can see, the 'Neuro Evoked Centric' has re-established the previously lost neuromotor component, due to curarization with a 3 mm shift of the mandible to the right.

{{q2| If the patient had been treated with orthodontics and prostheses in the 'Centric Relation', at the patient's discharge from the maxillofacial departments, we would have had an excellent aesthetic and occlusal result in 'Neuromotor disaster'}}

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